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20 June 2015, Volume 24 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Exploring the stem cell surface markers expressed in human dental pulp stem cells GAO Li,JIANG Wen-xin,NIU Cheng-guang,HE Zhi-yan,ZHU Cai-lian,HUANG Zheng-wei 2015, 24 (3):  257-262.  Abstract ( 378 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF (1007KB) ( 463 )   PURPOSE: To explore the stem cell surface markers expressed in human dental pulp stem cells which were selected and isolated by magnetic beads. METHODS: Human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) were separated and cultured from dental pulp of healthy third molars for orthodontic purpose. HDPSCs were isolated from cultured hDPCs by magnetic-activated cell sorting’s (MACS) indirect magnetic cell labeling and positive selection strategy with antibody STRO-1 in the 2nd generation. Then the stem cell surface markers (CD73, CD90, CD105, CD166 and STRO-1) were respectively detected in 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 generation of dental pulp stem cells. HDPSCs were induced to differentiation by adipogenic medium and osteogenic medium in the 3rd generation. Adipogenic differentiation was assessed by oil red O staining in day 21, and osteogenic differentiation was assessed by alizarin red staining in day 21. RESULTS: HDPSCs could differentiate into adipocyte and osteoblasts. Oil red O staining and alizarin red staining were positively expressed after induction of HDPSCs. STRO-1’s expression was decreased with the increase of generation. The expressions of CD73, CD90, CD105 and CD166 were relatively stable. CONCLUSIONS: The expression of STRO-1 is declined with the increase of generation, and the expressions of CD73, CD90, CD105 and CD166 are relatively stable with the changes of generation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Three-dimensional structure of platelet-rich fibrin gel and its effect on proliferation of human dental pulp cells in vitro HE Xuan,WEI Wei,CHEN Wen-xia 2015, 24 (3):  263-268.  Abstract ( 258 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (895KB) ( 348 )   PURPOSE: This study was designed to analyze the three-dimensional structure of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) gel as scaffold for dental pulp regeneration, and to investigate the effect of PRF gel on the proliferation of human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) in vitro. METHODS: PRF gel prepared by Choukroun’s protocols was evaluated by light microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The extract of PRF gel was collected at the time point of 7th day. The experimental group was divided into 2 subgroups (25% and 75%) according to the volume fraction of PRF gel extract. The 2 subgroups were named 1PRF and 3PRF, respectively. The hDPCs were isolated and cultured in DMEM with 1PRF and 3PRF, respectively. Cell proliferation was detected using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) at 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144 and 168 h, respectively. The data was analyzed with SPSS16.0 software package. RESULTS: Platelet and leukocyte were mainly distributed at the junction between the red corpuscles and the PRF gel, which was called "buffy coat". "Buffy coat" was constructed by large and dense fibrin clusters. At 24, 48, 72 and 96 h, there was no significant difference (OD) value of optical density(OD) between experimental group and control group(P>0.05). At 120, 144 and 168 h, the OD value in the experimental group was significant higher than that of the control group (P<0.05); there was no significant difference of OD value between group 1PRF and 3PRF (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results confirm that the three-dimensional structure of PRF gel is constituted by fibrin network. A large amount of platelet and leukocyte which can release high quantities of growth factors are concentrated in the PRF gel. The extract of PRF gel can accelerate the proliferation of hDPCs in time-dependent manner. PRF gel may be a proper scaffold for pulp regeneration. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression and distribution of SDF-1 in the soft tissue healing of tooth extraction LI Lei,CUI Jun,HUO Yuan-yuan,RONG Zhi-cheng,ZHANG Qiang,LI Zhao-yuan 2015, 24 (3):  269-274.  Abstract ( 241 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (1128KB) ( 515 )   PURPOSE: To observe the expression and distribution of stromal cell derived factor -l (SDF-1) in the soft tissues after tooth extraction, in order to provide new ideas to promote wound healing of tooth extraction. METHODS: Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 10 groups. After extracting the first molar of left mandibular respectively, immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR technique were used to evaluate the distribution and expression of SDF-1 1, 2, 4, 7 and 10 days after extraction. Data processing was performed using SPSS 12.0 software package. RESULTS: Immunohistochemical staining showed the SDF-1 protein was strongly expressed at the gingival tissues around tooth extraction wound at early stage, mainly in the cytoplasm and intercellular substance of the stratum spinosum and stratum basale, and stained more obviously closer to the stratum basale. Four days after tooth extraction, the expression of SDF-1 in the stratum basale became more evident, and it is also positive inside endothelial cells of granulation tissues. Seven days after tooth extraction, the staining became uniform in the gingival epithelium, and a few positive staining of vascular endothelial cells could be found in lamina propria; Ten days after tooth extraction, the staining characteristics were similar to the normal gingiva. RT-PCR results showed that SDF-1mRNA underwent a biphasic expression change during gingival wound healing. SDF-1 mRNA level reached peak at day 1 after tooth extraction (P<0.01) but decreased by day 2. However, the SDF-1 mRNA level increased again to a peak at day 4 and then returned to a normal level by day 10 (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: SDF-1 is involved in the early soft tissue healing process, and may play a role as a promoter in tooth extraction healing. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of chemotaxis of different concentrations of SDF1,bFGF,IL-8 on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell LIU Yu-jian,WANG Jun,CHI Zheng-bin 2015, 24 (3):  275-279.  Abstract ( 328 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (786KB) ( 352 )   PURPOSE: To investigate chemotaxis of different concentrations of chemokines stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and interleukin-8 (IL-8）on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). METHODS: The experiment group was divided into 3 groups according to different culture media: SDF1, bFGF and IL-8. The chemokine concentrations of each group was 0 ng/mL (control concentration),10 ng/mL, 50 ng/mL, 100 ng/mL, 200ng/mL and 400 ng/mL (experimental concentration). BMSCs were isolated from SD rats and cultured in vitro. 24-well plates with an 8 μm pore size polycarbonate membrane were used to examine the chemotaxis of SDF1, bFGF, IL-8 on BMSCs, respectively, and to obtain the best chemotactic concentrations of 3 chemokines. The data was analyzed with SPSS 16.0 software package. RESULTS: Compared with 0 ng/mL group, all chemokines could chemoattract BMSCs (P<0.05). At the concentration of 50 ng/mL, 100 ng/mL and 400 ng/mL, SDF1 significantly recruited more cells than bFGF (P<0.05); SDF1 significantly recruited more cells than IL-8 at the concentration of 200 ng/mL; The best chemotactic concentration was 100 ng/mL for SDF1 and IL-8 and 200 ng/mL for bFGF. CONCLUSIONS: The use of SDF1,bFGF,IL-8 can chemoattract BMSCs. The chemotaxis of SDF1 and IL-8 are better than bFGF. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Energy dispersive spectrum analysis of surface compositions of selective laser melting cobalt-chromium alloy fabricated by different processing parameters QIAN Liang,ZENG Li,WEI Bin,GONG Yao 2015, 24 (3):  280-282.  Abstract ( 183 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (428KB) ( 300 )   PURPOSE: To fabricate selective laser melting cobalt-chromium alloy samples by different processing parameters, and to analyze the changes of energy dispersive spectrum(EDS) on their surface. METHODS: Nine groups were set up by orthogonal experimental design according to different laser powers,scanning speeds and powder feeding rates(laser power:2500~3000 W, scanning speed: 5~15 mm/s, powder feeding rate: 3~6 r/min). Three cylinder specimens(10 mm in diameter and 3 mm in thickness)were fabricated in each group through Rofin DL 035Q laser cladding system using cobalt-chromium alloy powders which were developed independently by our group.Their surface compositions were then measured by EDS analysis. RESULTS: Results of EDS analysis of the 9 groups fabricated by different processing parameters(Co：62.98%-67.13%,Cr：25.56%-28.50%,Si：0.49%-1.23%) were obtained. They were similar to the compositions of cobalt-chromium alloy used in dental practice. CONCLUSIONS: According to EDS results, the surface compositions of the selective laser melting cobalt-chromium alloy samples are stable and controllable, which help us gain a preliminary sight into the range of SLM processing parameters. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The efficacy of cold-light tooth bleaching on the formation of bacteria biofilm on the enamel surfaces YUAN Ke-yong,MA Rui,ZHU Cai-lian,LI Ming-yu,HE Zhi-yan,ZHOU Wei 2015, 24 (3):  283-287.  Abstract ( 222 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (835KB) ( 389 )   PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of Beyond cold-light tooth bleaching on the formation of main cariogenic bacteria biofilm on enamel surfaces. METHODS: Twenty enamel discs with the size of 4 mm×4 mm×1 mm in size, were made .The enamel discs were divided into 4 groups randomly: cold-light bleaching group, bleaching gel group, cold-light group and control group. Five discs were in each group. Cold-light bleaching group was whitened 3 times with bleaching gel and cold-light, and 12 min per session. Bleaching gel was smeared on the surface of enamel in bleaching gel group for 3 times and 12 min per session. Enamel discs of cold-light group were treated with cold-light for 12 min and 3 sessions. Control group was treated without any processing. The 4 groups were incubated in mixed bacteria liquid, including Streptococcus mutans(SM), Actinomyces viscosus (Av) and Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), within the artificial oral cavity model. After 36 h, the samples were observed under confocal laser scanning microscopy(CLSM). The data was analyzed with SAS8.2 software package. RESULTS: The biofilms in 3 experimental groups were sparser than the control group under CLSM, and the thickness significantly decreased after treatment (P<0.05), while no significant difference was found among 3 experimental groups (P>0.05).Compared with the control group, the percentage of vital bacteria in biofilm of the experimental groups decreased significantly after treatment (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Cold-light tooth bleaching can inhibit the formation of mixed bacteria biofilm, damage the structure of biofilm and reduce the number of vital bacteria. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The influence of salvia miltiorhiza on the expression of TGF-β1 in periodontal tissue during orthodontic tooth movement in rats ZHANG Jiang-tao,MEI Mei,LI Ping,ZHANG Yue-rong,JIANG Ce,FENG Lei,HUANG Jin,WANG Jia-jia 2015, 24 (3):  288-293.  Abstract ( 169 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (932KB) ( 330 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of salvia miltiorhiza on the expression of TGF-β1 within periodontal tissues during orthodontic tooth movement in rat. METHODS: One hundred and ninety-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (group A, B, C and D). Group A and B were used as orthodontic tooth movement model based on afterburner time. Group A, C and B, D were injected salvia miltiorhiza and NS under the buccal mucosa of left maxillary first molar every other day. Animals in each group were sacrificed at 6 time points（day 1,3,5,7,10 and 14) after appliance placement for collection of specimens. The distance of the tooth movement was measured by stereomicroscope, periodontal tissue was investigated by H-E staining and the protein expression of TGF-β1 was examined by immunohistochemical techniques. SPSS17.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Except for the first day, the protein expression of TGF-β1 in group A was highest and there was significant up-regulation on day 3, with a peak on day 5. Compared with group B, the average optical density of TGF-β1 in group A was 0.5181±0.0037 on day 3, 0.5857±0.00235 on day 5 and 0.4363±0.0021 on day 7, both with significant differences (P<0.01). Compared with group C and group D, significant differences were formed at each time point in group A(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Salvia injection may improve periodontal tissue microcirculation,thus promote the expression of TGF-β1 protein,which may be one of the mechanisms to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of amount of silane coupling agent on flexural strength of dental composite resins reinforced with aluminium borate whisker ZHU Ming-yi,ZHANG Xiu-yin 2015, 24 (3):  294-297.  Abstract ( 161 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (527KB) ( 216 )   PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of amount of silane coupling agent on flexural strength of dental composite resins reinforced with aluminium borate whisker (ABW). METHODS: ABW was surface-treated with 0%, 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% silan coupling agent(γ-MPS), and mixed with resin matrix to synthesize 5 groups of composite resins. After heat-cured at 120℃ for 1 h, specimens were tested in three-point flexure to measure strength according to ISO-4049. One specimen was selected randomly from each group and observed under scanning electron microscope (SEM). The data was analyzed with SAS 9.2 software package. RESULTS: The flexural strength（117.93±11.9Mpa）of the group treated with 2% silane coupling agent was the highest, and significantly different from that of the other 4 groups (α=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The amount of silane coupling agent has impact on the flexural strength of dental composite resins reinforced with whiskers; The flexual strength will be reduced whenever the amount is higher or lower than the threshold. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The effect of core veneer thickness ratio on the flexural strength of diatomite-based dental ceramic JIANG Jie,ZHANG Xin,GAO Mei-qin,ZHANG Fei-min,LU Xiao-li 2015, 24 (3):  298-301.  Abstract ( 164 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (560KB) ( 246 )   PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of different core veneer thickness ratios on the flexural strength and failure mode of bilayered diatomite-based dental ceramics. METHODS: Diatomite-based dental ceramics blocks (16 mm×5.4 mm×1 mm) were sintered with different thickness of veneer porcelains: 0 mm (group A), 0.6 mm (group B), 0.8 mm (group C) and 1.0 mm(group D). Flexural strength was detected and scanning electron microscope was used to observe the interface microstructure. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 17.0 software package. RESULTS: With the increase of the thickness of the veneer porcelain, flexural strength of group C showed highest flexural strength up to(277.24±5.47) MPa. CONCLUSIONS: Different core veneer thickness ratios can significantly influence the flexural strength of bilayered diatomite-based dental ceramics. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The effect of acid etching on bond strength of different self-adhesive resin cements to dentin XUAN Gui-hong,WANG Hai-hua 2015, 24 (3):  302-306.  Abstract ( 163 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (738KB) ( 318 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of acid etching on bond strength (μTBS) of self-adhesive resin cements (Unicem, G-Cem, Clearfil SA Cement, BisCem) to dentin. METHODS: Thirty-two human third molars without caries were used for the study. One fourth of the crowns were cut off, perpendicular to the long axis of the tooth with (Isomet) a low-speed saw, in order to expose the dentin surfaces of the sectioned sides. The sectioned dentin surfaces of the experimental groups were etched for 15 s. Subsequently, resin blocks were bonded to the dentin surfaces, with one of the four cements (Unicem, G-Cem, Clearfil SA Cement, BisCem). After being stored in water for 24 hours, all specimens were perpendicularly sectioned through the dentin-resin interfaces, prepared into beams about 1 mm×1 mm×8 mm for μTBS tests with micro-tensile tester. The micro-morphologies of the cement-dentin interfaces were assessed using scanning electron microscope. The data was analyzed using SPSS16.0 software package. RESULTS: Without pre-treatment of acid etching, Unicem group (12.9±3.2) MPa, G-Cem group (11.7±2.6) MPa and Clearfil SA Cement group (10.9±2.3) MPa possessed a higher bond strength than BisCem group (6.8±2.4) MPa (P<0.05). Specimens with pre-treatment of acid etching showed a significantly lower dentin bond strength compared to those without pretreatment of acid etching (P<0.05) in self-adhesive cements (G-Cem, Clearfil SA CementUnicem, Unicem), but there was no significant difference in bond strength in BisCem group with or without acid etching. CONCLUSIONS: With pretreatment of acid etching, the bond strength of self-adhesive resin cements to dentin decreases in G-Cem, Clearfil SA Cement and Unicem group, while there is no significant effect on the bond strength of BisCem group. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of different resin removal methods on shear bond strength of rebonded orthodontic brackets WU Hai-miao,ZHAO Bin-jiao,CHEN Dong 2015, 24 (3):  307-310.  Abstract ( 220 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (585KB) ( 290 )   PURPOSE: To compare the shear bond strength (SBS) of rebonded orthodontic metal brackets with different resin removal methods. METHODS: Forty extracted premolars were chosen as samples and divided into 4 experimental groups. The teeth were bonded with brackets. The brackets from 3 groups were debonded while adhesive remnants were removed from bracket bases by methods of grinding, sandblasting, and direct flaming, respectively and then rebonded. The SBS values of all rebonded brackets were determined after pH cycling experiment for 30 days. Some rebonded bracket bases were selected and observed under scanning electron microscope (SEM). The data was analyzed by one-way ANOVA test using SPSS 13.0 software package. RESULTS: Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference of SBS values among the 4 experimental groups (P<0.05). The SBS values of the group by direct flaming was significantly lower compared to the other groups (P<0.05). There was no significant difference of SBS values among the other groups. CONCLUSIONS: The rebonded brackets after resin removal by grinding and sandblasting have a similar SBS compared to the initial brackets adhesive. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Fracture resistance of endodontically treated mandibular premolars restored with e.max press all-ceramic onlays and metal crowns WANG Yu-shan,ZHOU Yi-li 2015, 24 (3):  311-314.  Abstract ( 295 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (494KB) ( 347 )   PURPOSE: To compare the fracture resistance of endodontically treated mandibular premolars restored with e.max press all-ceramic onlays and metal crowns. METHODS: Forty-five endodontically treated mandibular premolars were randomly divided into 3 groups. Group A were filled with resin as control. Specimens of group B and C were instrumented and prepared for two-wall cavities and restored with metal crowns and ceramic onlays respectively. The specimens were thermocycled, exposed to cyclic loading, and submitted to the static fracture resistance test. Fracture loads and mode of failure were evaluated. The data was analyzed with SPSS13.0 software package. RESULTS: Samples in 2 experimental groups exhibited higher fracture load values than that of the control group（P<0.05）. Group C showed higher fracture load values and more favourable fracture patterns compared with group B (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Endodontically treated mandibular molars restored with indirect onlays provide significantly increased fracture resistance and favourable fracture patterns. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of stress in periodontal ligament of the maxillary first molar on distal movement by nonlinear finite element method DONG Jing,ZHANG Zhe-chen,ZHOU Guo-liang 2015, 24 (3):  315-320.  Abstract ( 208 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (869KB) ( 416 )   PURPOSE: To analyze the stress distribution in periodontal ligament of maxillary first molar during distal movement with nonlinear finite element analysis, and to compare it with the result of linear finite element analysis, consequently to provide biomechanical evidence for clinical application. METHODS: The 3-D finite element model including a maxillary first molar, periodontal ligament, alveolar bone, cancellous bone, cortical bone and a buccal tube was built up by using Mimics, Geomagic, ProE and Ansys Workbench. The material of periodontal ligament was set as nonlinear material and linear elastic material, respectively. Loads of different combinations were applied to simulate the clinical situation of distalizing the maxillary first molar. RESULTS: There were channels of low stress in peak distribution of Von Mises equivalent stress and compressive stress of periodontal ligament in nonlinear finite element model. The peak of Von Mises equivalent stress was lower when it was satisfied that Mt/F minus Mr/F approximately equals 2. The peak of compressive stress was lower when it was satisfied that Mt/F was approximately equal to Mr/F. The relative stress of periodontal ligament was higher and violent in linear finite element model and there were no channels of low stress in peak distribution. CONCLUSIONS: There are channels in which stress of periodontal ligament is lower. The condition of low stress should be satisfied by applied M/F during the course of distalizing the maxillary first molar. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Clinical Study

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Dynamic and quantitative analysis of cariogenic bacteria and its proportion in the dental plaque of different caries-susceptible children CHU Hao-yue,SUN Jing,ZHANG Ying,GUO Jing,QI Qing-guo 2015, 24 (3):  321-325.  Abstract ( 293 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (683KB) ( 236 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the ratio and change of bacteria in dental plaque in different caries-susceptible children. METHODS: Dental plaques were obtained from 60 children of 3-5 years old. Four targeted cariogenic bacteria were quantitatively detected by real-time PCR and the mean dmft score was calculated. The effectiveness was assessed and compared using SASS.17 software package. RESULTS: The decayed missing filled surfaces(dmfs) score and the percentages of cariogenic bacteria at 1 year increased significantly(P<0.01). There were significant differences in percentages of S.mutans and S.sobrinus in early childhood caries group and severe early childhood caries group between baseline and at 1 year (P<0.01). There was linear correlation between dmfs score and the sum of the percentages of S.mutans and S.sobrinus at baseline and 1 year. CONCLUSIONS: The ratios of cariogenic bacteria to total bacteria in plaque are closely associated with the prevalence of dental caries in children. The higher proportion of cariogenic bacteria, the higher susceptibility of subjects with early childhood caries. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expressions of discoidin domain receptor 1 and matrix metalloproteinase 2 in salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma and clinical significance WANG Zhi-ming,YE Ming,ZHANG Yu-fei,YANG Dong-sheng,MA Ying,ZHOU Zhuo,ZHANG Li-ping,LIU Wei-xian 2015, 24 (3):  326-330.  Abstract ( 154 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (933KB) ( 220 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the expressions of discoidin domain receptor 1(DDR1) and matrix metalloproteinase 2(MMP2) in salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma（SACC） and discuss their significance and correlations with clinicopathological parameters. METHODS: SP immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expressions of DDR1 and MMP2 in 54 samples of SACC and 30 normal salivary gland samples. SPSS 13.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The positive expression rate of DDR1 in SACC was 87.0%, which was significantly higher than that in normal salivary gland tissues(10.0%, P<0.01). The positive expression of DDR1 was related with neural invasion and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). The positive expression rate of MMP2 was 68.5% in SACC, which was significantly higher than that in normal group(13.3%, P<0.01). The expression of DDR1 was positively correlated with MMP2 by Spearman rank analysis(r=0.332, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: High expressions of DDR1 and MMP2 correlate with carcinogenesis and progress of SACC. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimize visiting sequence and time-interval appointment of re-visiting patients in stomatology JIN Wen-zhong,LU Yao,HU Yuan,DU Qin,ZHOU Yong-mei,WU Zheng-yi 2015, 24 (3):  331-334.  Abstract ( 229 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (650KB) ( 346 )   PURPOSE: To optimize visiting sequence and time-interval appointment mode to reduce waiting time of re-visiting patients in department of stomatology based on clinical data repository. METHODS: Waiting time data of re-visiting patients in department of stomatology was collected and divided into 2 groups. A total of 70897 patients from July 2014 to September 2014 were enrolled as experimental group (group year-2014), while 63960 patients from July 2013 to September 2013 were used as control group (group year-2013).Measurement data was compared with two-tailed independent-samples t test using SPSS 22.0 software package. RESULTS: The waiting time of group year-2014 was 73.65 minutes while it was 106 minutes for group year-2013. P value was 0,which meant the waiting time of group year-2014 was significantly less than group year-2013. CONCLUSIONS: Optimizing visiting sequence and time-interval appointment mode can reduce the waiting time of re-visiting patients in department of stomatology greatly. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A study on the thickness of buccal bone in the mandible of different vertical facial type in adults using cone-beam CT GU Yong-jia,LU Sheng-nan,XIA Wen-qian,ZHANG Ting,SHI Hui,GAO Mei-qin 2015, 24 (3):  335-337.  Abstract ( 493 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (431KB) ( 964 )   PURPOSE: To provide some references of using micro-implant anchorage in clinical orthodontic treatment, the thickness of buccal bone of mandible of different vertical facial type in adults with cone-beam CT(CBCT) were measured. METHODS: Initial 3-dimensional images of 45 adult patients (15 men, 30 women)were reoriented by using a standardized protocol, and divided into 3 groups by angle of mandibular plane (G1: high angle,15 patients; G2: average angle, 15 patients; G3: low angle, 15 patients). After signing the informed consent form, three measurement points were defined at 4, 6, and 8mm from the alveolar crest in each measurement area. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS11.0 software package. RESULTS: The thickness of buccal bone in mandible was thinner in G1 than in G2, and was thinnest in G3. The cortical bone thickness was thickest at the 8 mm level and thinnest at the 4mm level. CONCLUSIONS: The study suggested that the cortical bone thickness at 4mm level from the alveolar crest was safe for implantation. It is more stable when the distance of implants was more away from the alveolar crest. Patients with low mandibular plane angle should use self-tapping micro-implant anchorage. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical and pathological analysis of jaw ameloblastomas in 890 patients LIU Liu,ZHANG Xin-yu,HU Yong-jie,ZHANG Chen-ping,ZHANG Zhi-yuan 2015, 24 (3):  338-340.  Abstract ( 362 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (320KB) ( 304 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical and pathological features of jaw ameloblastomas in 890 patients, in order to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment. METHODS: Eight hundred and ninty cases with jaw ameloblastomas treated in our department from January 2003 to June 2014 were retrospectively analyzed, including their gender, age, primary sites, pathological subtypes and therapies. RESULTS: The age of patients ranged from 6 to 101 years old, with a mean age of 40.15 years. The distribution between males and females were 61.91% (551/890) males to 38.08% (339/890) females (1.62:1). 724 (81.35%) were located in the mandible, 166 (18.65%) were located in the maxilla. The occurrence of jaw ameloblastomas in this series of 890 patients was same in both sides of the jaw. Jaw ameloblastomas occurred in any parts of the jaw. Solid (378/890) and unicystic ameloblastoma (427/890) were the most common pathological subtypes. 414 cases underwent curettage, 212 cases underwent decompression, and 264 cases underwent mandibulectomy or maxillectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Jaw ameloblastoma mainly happens in mandible and young people. Men are more vulnerable to suffer from than women. The most common sites are mandibular molar region and ramus. Curettage is the most commonly used treatment for ameloblastomas. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The effects of different interventions on 12-year-old children’s permanent teeth caries and filling rate in Shanghai Jiading district ZHANG Shu-yu,DONG Hua,YU Ming 2015, 24 (3):  341-344.  Abstract ( 219 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (483KB) ( 240 )   PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of different interventions on 12-year-old children’s permanent teeth caries and filling rates in Shanghai Jiading District. METHODS: Six hundred and ninety-one 12-year-old children from 3 middle schools were randomly divided into 3 groups. The filling intervention group received filling of the permanent teeth free of charge for 3 years; The health education group received oral health education for 3 years; The control group only accepted oral examination for 3 years. The data was analyzed with SPSS 20.0 software package for χ2 test. RESULTS: On the baseline, the permanent teeth caries rates of 3 groups were 32.10%, 35.56% and 36.84%, and the filling rates were 17.07%, 16.24% and 17.04%, respectively. After 1 year, permanent teeth caries rates of 3 groups were 35.92%, 42.26% and 44.50%, respectively. There was no significant difference among the 3 groups (P>0.05). The filling rates were 93.28%, 61.41%, and 16.67%, respectively. There was significant difference among the 3 groups (P<0.05). After 3 years, permanent teeth caries rates of 3 groups were 37.04%, 48.12% and 58.85%, and the filling rates were 93.66%, 61.51% and 17.28%, respectively. There were significant differences among the 3 groups (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Filling intervention and health education can significantly reduce the permanent teeth caries prevalence rate and improve permanent teeth caries filling rate of 12-year-old children. Furthermore, the effects of filling intervention were more significant than the health education intervention. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A study about oral health-related quality of Life among 11-14 years old children in Shanghai municipality CAO Yi-ting,ZHU Ce,XU Wei,LU Hai-xia,YE Wei 2015, 24 (3):  345-350.  Abstract ( 259 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (609KB) ( 660 )   PURPOSE: To assess oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among 11-14 years old children in Shanghai municipality and investigate the influential factors, in order to provide theoretical evidence for pointed oral health education and public health strategies formulation. METHODS: Systematic sampling method was used to extract 11-14 years old children in Shanghai municipality. The decay missing filling tooth (DMFT) and gingival bleeding index (GBI) were examined and recorded. Child oral-health-related quality of life questionnaires(CPQ11-14) was adopted to assess the OHRQoL. Other enquiry included sociodemographic background and oral health-related behaviors, knowledge and attitudes. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 21.0 software package. RESULTS: This study examined 1050 children of 11-14 years old, among which 955 children (urban 482,suburb 473) were enrolled. The response rate was 91%. The mean CPQ11-14 score was (6.0±5.6). Statistical analysis showed that children with higher DMFT index and bleeding on probing had higher CPQ11~14 average score and poorer oral health related quality of life (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Caries and periodontal disease have negative effect on OHRQoL of 11-14 years old children. Efforts are needed to strengthen oral health care, including good oral health education, and focusing on halitosis and oral mucosal diseases in children aged 11-14 years old. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Cone-beam CT study for the oropharyngeal airway volume and hyoid position of adults Class Ⅲ skeletal malocclusion LI Zhi-min,WU Jie,MEN Hai-yan,LI Hong-fa 2015, 24 (3):  351-355.  Abstract ( 371 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (698KB) ( 369 )   PURPOSE: Using cone-beam CT (CBCT) and Invivo5 software to measure the oropharyngeal airway volume and hyoid position of adults Class Ⅲ skeletal malocclusion and analyze the influence of the maxillary or mandibular position, in order to evaluate oropharynx airway volume and hyoid position ,and provide guidance for reasonable and effective treatment. METHODS: One hundred and eighty cases were randomly selected from CBCT data and divided into three groups. Invivo5 software was used to rebuild 3D image data and establish a 3D coordinate system ,then to measure OPV and hyoid position. LSD t test was performed between each group with SPSS 19.0 software package. RESULTS: OPV for mandibular protrusion of Class Ⅲ was significantly higher than maxillary retrusion of Class Ⅲ and ClassⅠ（P<0.05）, whereas no difference existed between ClassⅠand maxillary retrusion of Class Ⅲ; H-VPS had significant difference as follows: mandibular retrusion of Class Ⅲ, maxillary retrusion of Class Ⅲ,and ClassⅠ（P<0.05）; H-PS in mandibular protrusion of Class Ⅲ was significantly higher than maxillary retrusion of Class Ⅲ and ClassⅠ（P<0.05）, whereas no difference existed between ClassⅠand maxillary retrusion of Class Ⅲ. CONCLUSIONS: The three-dimensional features of airway were different as adults have different types of skeletal malocclusion. The mandibular sagittal position and length had more significant influences on pharyngeal airway volume, shape, direction, and hyoid sagittal position compared with the maxilla. CBCT and Invivo5 are practical tools for evaluation of airway, which can provide clinical evaluation of the three-dimensional features of airway and hyoid position of different skeletal malocclusion, and provide guidance in the formulation of reasonable and effective treatment plan. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of articular cavity injection for patients with temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis at different ages LI Tao,LI Gang 2015, 24 (3):  356-360.  Abstract ( 385 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (698KB) ( 334 )   PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of a course of 5 weeks of joint lavage combined with sodium hyaluronate injection on temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis patients at different ages. METHODS: Forty-seven patients with temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis were selected and divided into 3 groups including young group (<45 years old), middle-aged group (45-65 years old) and aged group (>65 years old). All the patients underwent a course of 5 weeks of joint lavage combined with sodium hyaluronate injection. Non-assisted maximum opening degree of mouth, the joint pain at rest and during chewing and the joint movement disorders were measured in each group at baseline and 1, 3, 6 months after treatment. The patients were measured for the quality of life at baseline and 6 months after treatment by using OHIP-14 scale. The data was processed by using SPSS 18.0 software package. RESULTS: The qualities of life were significantly improved for each group of patients (P<0.05). The rest pain of patients in young group (<45 years old) were significantly alleviated after treatment (P<0.05). The maximum opening of month and the mandibular movement dysfunction were improved significantly in patients of middle age group (45-65 years old) after treatment (P<0.05). All the indexes detected in the aged group after treatment(>65 years old) were significantly better than those before treatment (P<0.05) and the improvement of clinical symptoms were significantly better than that of the other 2 groups (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The clinical efficacy of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis is related to the age and the elderly patients can obtain better overall efficacy. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Treatment of Class Ⅱ malocclusion using Herbst appliance with headgear and rapid palatal expansion and straight wire appliance with implant anchorage ZHANG Xiao-jie,ZHENG Cang-shang,ZHANG-Min 2015, 24 (3):  361-366.  Abstract ( 620 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (939KB) ( 307 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of early treatment of Class Ⅱ malocclusion with Herbst appliance with headgear and rapid palatal expansion and straight wire appliance with implant anchorage. METHODS: Twenty-five Chinese children (14 males, 11 females, aged from 10-12 years with an average age of 10.5 years) were treated with Herbst appliance with headgear and rapid palatal expansion for 6 months. Then they were further treated with straight wire appliance with implant anchorage. Cephalometric data pre- and post-treatment were measured and analysed. Multiple correlation analysis was performed with SPSS13.0 software package. RESULTS: Compared with pretreatment, ∠SNB(4.2800±1.4000)° and ∠NP-FH (3.5600±1.0440)° increased posttreatment. ∠SNA (0.5600±0.8206)°, ∠ANB (4.7600±1.2000)°, ∠U1-NA(11.9200±1.4411)° and ∠U1-SN(13.1600±1.7720)° decreased posttreatment（P<0.05）. CONCLUSIONS: Maxillary growth is successfully inhibited and mandibular growth is significantly promoted by Herbst appliance with headgear and rapid palatal expansion. The maxillary dentition is significantly retracted by fixed appliance with implant anchorage and the skeletal pattern of patients is significantly improved. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The effects of psychological nursing on anxiety of patients in the procedure of impacted teeth extraction TANG Yi-qun,WAN Peng-bo,QU Dong-lin 2015, 24 (3):  367-369.  Abstract ( 370 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF (455KB) ( 1079 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of psychological nursing on anxiety of patients during extraction of impacted teeth. METHODS: Seventy patients who required impacted tooth extraction were randomly divided into intervention group (n=35) and control group (n=35). In the intervention group, psychological nursing was performed by special nurses before,during and after the surgical procedure; In the control group, patients were informed the general knowledge of the routine treatment and care. Anxiety was evaluate with anxiety scale at the end of surgical procedure. The data was analyzed with SPSS 13.0 software package for χ2 test. RESULTS: The number of patients with anxiety in the intervention group was significantly reduced compared with the control. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Psychological nursing assists to relieve anxiety of patients during impacted teeth removal. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of N2O inhalation and oral midazolam conscious sedation in pediatric dentistry of children with intellectual disability TIAN Xiao-hua,YANG Yan-zhong,LI Xiao-feng 2015, 24 (3):  370-372.  Abstract ( 470 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (411KB) ( 343 )   PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of N2O inhalation and oral midazolam sedation on uncooperative patients with intellectual disability in pediatric dentistry. METHODS: N2O inhalation(35%-50%) and oral midazolam conscious sedation(dosages range: 0.50-0.75 mg/kg) were applied to 67 uncooperative pediatric patients with intellectual disability in outpatient department. The patients were divided into 2 groups: group A(N2O inhalation conscious sedation)and group B(oral midazolam conscious sedation).Treatment results and safety were statistically analyzed by Chi-square test with SPSSl3.0 software package. RESULTS: The mean success rate was 70%. The success rate in group B (75%) was higher than group A (67%). The overall incidence of adverse reactions was 13%(9/67). The adverse reaction rate in group B (25%) was significantly higher than group A(5%, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: N2O inhalation and oral midazolam conscious sedation are effective and safe in pediatric dental uncooperative patients with intellectual disability . References | Related Articles | Metrics

Clinical Reports

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Clinical study of modified Gow-Gates technique of inferior alveolar nerve block in impacted mandibular third molar extraction HU Yi-ping,JIN Gui-fang 2015, 24 (3):  373-377.  Abstract ( 554 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (724KB) ( 394 )   PURPOSE: To introduce a minimally invasive and more effective technique of inferior alveolar nerve block. METHODS: Two hundred and six patients who needed extraction of the impacted mandibular third molar were divided randomly into 2 groups: the experimental group (105 cases ) with modified Gow-Gates technique (modified Gow-Gates group) and the control group (101 cases) with Halstead technique (Halstead group). The anesthetic success rates, effects and complications were recorded and analyzed with SPSS17.0 software package. RESULTS: The anesthetic success rate was 97.15% in modified Gow-Gates group and 89.10% in Halstead group with significant difference between the 2 groups (P=0.038<0.05); In comparing the anesthesia grade, the ration of grade A and B accounted for 90.48% in modified Gow-Gates group and 87.13% in Halstead group (P=0.446>0.05). Modified Gow-Gates group had much fewer of complications than Halstead group (P=0.014<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Modified Gow-Gates technique is a minimally invasive and more effective technique for inferior alveolar nerve block anesthesia. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Report of seven cases for space management during mixed dentition using remaining space WANG Sun,LING Yue-hua,ZHENG Wei 2015, 24 (3):  378-381.  Abstract ( 363 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (556KB) ( 285 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical effect of space management using remaining space during teeth replacement in mixed dentition. METHODS: Fixed retainer was used to retain the remaining space for patients with space loss in mixed dentition. RESULTS: In 7 cases, 6 were successfully treated, the deciduous dentition was replaced with permanent dentition. Only 1 case was failed. CONCLUSIONS: It has good effect using fixed retainer to preserve the remaining space for space management in mixed dentition. It is a relatively simple, fast and economical method for early treatment in clinic. Due to less number of cases in this study, we need more cases for further observation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Dental Education

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Application of evidence-based medicine in the education of oral implantology QIAN Shu-jiao,LAI Hong-chang 2015, 24 (3):  382-384.  Abstract ( 234 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (460KB) ( 533 )   Evidence-based medicine was defined as the intergration of best available research evidence, individual clinical expertise and patients’expectations in making decisions about the care of patients. This problem-centered concept should be introduced into the education of oral implantology, so as to develop the critical thinking and lifelong learning habit for students. References | Related Articles | Metrics