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A case of two-stage orthodontic treatment of skeletal ClassⅡmalocclusion with mandibular retrusion and maxillary dental arch stenosis ZHANG Yun, LI Xiao-bing Shanghai Journal of Stomatology    2023, 32 (5): 555-560.   DOI: 10.19439/j.sjos.2023.05.020 Abstract （214）      PDF （2656KB）（175）       Knowledge map    This article reviewed two-stage orthodontic treatment of a patient with skeletal ClassⅡmalocclusion with mandibular retrusion and maxillary dental arch stenosis. The patient was also accompanied by premature loss of bilateral mandibular deciduous canines and mesialization of mandibular posterior teeth. The first-stage treatment mainly corrected the maxillary dental arch stenosis, maxillary anterior teeth protrusion, mandibular retrusion and skeletal ClassⅡmalocclusion, while the second-stage treatment mainly corrected the mesialization of mandibular posterior teeth and alignment of maxillary and mandibular dentition. The two-stage orthodontic treatment finally enabled the patient to achieve good dental arch shape, tooth alignment, skeletal face pattern and soft tissue profile. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Review of clinical effects of disk-up sinus reamer(DSR)-based internal sinus floor elevation with implantation in 10 years ZHANG Kai-yue, HAN Ze-yu, JIANG Shuai, XU Hao, LI Fan, ZHAO Bao-dong Shanghai Journal of Stomatology    2024, 33 (1): 64-70.   DOI: 10.19439/j.sjos.2024.01.011 Abstract （205）      PDF （1101KB）（103）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: To analyze the bone remodeling around the implant 10 years after disk-up sinus reamer(DSR)-based internal sinus floor elevation with implantation and to investigate the influence of different factors on implant retention. METHODS: The clinical and imaging data of patients undergoing DSR-based sinus floor elevation with simultaneous implantation were collected from the Department of Dental Implantology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from January 2008 to December 2011. Panoramic film and CBCT were used to measure the changes of bone mass around implant in different periods. Kaplan-Meier and Log-rank tests were used to analyze the effects of different factors on implant retention with SPSS 26.0 software package. RESULTS: The study included 98 patients with a total of 128 implants. During the follow-up of 0-168 months, 7 implants failed, and the remaining formed good osseointegration and functioned, with a 10-year cumulative retention rate of 94.53%. The height of bone formation was (0.29±0.15) mm at the top and (2.74±0.66) mm in the sinus of 75 implant sites with complete imaging data obtained ten years after surgery. Kaplan-Meier and Log-rank tests showed that 8 factors including initial bone height, elevated bone height, mucosal perforation, implant length, implant torsion, diabetes, smoking and periodontitis had significant effects on implant retention. CONCLUSIONS: The DSR-based internal sinus floor elevation with implantation is a reliable and stable bone augmentation operation for vertical bone defect in maxillary posterior region, with a 10-year cumulative retention rate of no less than 94%. Initial bone height, elevated bone height, mucosal perforation, implant length, implant torsion, diabetes, smoking and periodontitis are the important factors affecting the long-term retention rate of implants. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the effect of alginate impression spray disinfection process on model accuracy ZHANG Jia-yuan, YU De-dong, YE Li-juan, WU Chun-lan, LIU Jing Shanghai Journal of Stomatology    2023, 32 (5): 449-454.   DOI: 10.19439/j.sjos.2023.05.001 Abstract （186）      PDF （1125KB）（190）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of a new cleaning and disinfection process of oral impressions on the accuracy of alginate dental impression. METHODS: Sixteen young volunteers were selected to make alginate oral impression (2 times for each upper and lower jaw) and oral scandata acquisition (1 time for each upper and lower jaw) to obtain STL data. The 2 pairs of alginate impressions of each subject were numbered group 1, group 2, inwhich group 1 was not sterilized and the oral impression film in group 2 was treated with the method and steps of new oral impression cleaning and disinfection. All the oral impressions of the subjects were perfused with plaster models in the same standard way and demoulded. The obtained plaster models were examined and scanned after appropriate trimming and grinding. The plaster model data obtained from each group of each patient after warehouse scanning were compared with the orally scanned model data for alignment analysis, and root mean square(RMS) was used as a parameter to evaluate the deviation between the test model and the standard model. The chromatograms of the deviations were saved for visualization and analysis to observe the differences in model accuracy from several dimensions. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 23.0 software package. RESULTS: The differences in RMS of model accuracy of maxillary dental series of alginate impressions were statistically significant, in which the RMS of the group disinfecting the maxillary oral impression film with a new oral impression cleaning and disinfection process was significantly higher than that of the nonsterilized group (P=0.006), while the difference between model accuracy RMS of the mandibular disinfection group and non-disinfection group was not statistically significant(P=0.874). CONCLUSIONS: The new technical specifications for cleaning and disinfection of dental impressions recommended by the Chinese Stomatological Association have certain effects on the accuracy of dental impressions made of alginate material,and the details in its process should be further improved. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of the effect of invisible correction and SGTB in the treatment of mandibular retrusion CHEN Shuang-xi, GAO Mei-qin Shanghai Journal of Stomatology    2023, 32 (5): 513-518.   DOI: 10.19439/j.sjos.2023.05.012 Abstract （178）      PDF （1464KB）（121）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: To compare the clinical effects of invisible correction and SGTB in two-stage treatment of mandibular retrusion. METHODS: Eighty-five patients with bony mandibular regression who did not pass the peak of growth and development were selected. Among them, 40 cases were guided by invisible correction and 45 cases were guided by SGTB functional correction. Lateral head X-rays before and after treatment were measured, and the effect before and after treatment was compared by SPSS 16.0 software package. RESULTS: After treatment, the SNB angle and NP-FH (face angle) increased and the ANB angle decreased in both groups, all of which had significant changes(P<0.001). At T1, the changes of SNB angle, ANB angle and NP-FH angle in the invisible group were smaller than those in the SGTB group(P<0.05). The difference between MP-FH angle and MP-SN angle before and after treatment was greater in the SGTB group than in the invisible group(P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with receding mandible before the peak of growth and development, the mandible was significantly moved forward after orthodontics. Both invisible orthodontics and SGTB promote changes in the position of the mandible, improves coordination between the upper and lower jaws. In the control of the posterior teeth in the vertical direction, the invisible group is stronger than the SGTB group. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of metronidazole combined with minocycline in reducing infection after dental implant in patients with localized periodontitis ZHANG Shi-kun, PEI Dong-dong, JIANG Dan-dan, ZHANG Li-hua, CAI Jian-ying, CHANG Zhong-fu Shanghai Journal of Stomatology    2023, 32 (5): 532-535.   DOI: 10.19439/j.sjos.2023.05.015 Abstract （166）      PDF （505KB）（109）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: To explore the value of metronidazole combined with minocycline in reducing infection after dental implant in patients with localized periodontitis. METHODS: A total of 120 patients with localized periodontitis who underwent dental implantation in the Department of Stomatological, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital from August 2021 to September 2022 were selected. According to the way of postoperative infection prevention, the patients were divided into control group and experimental group, with 60 patients in each group. The control group was orally given roxithromycin capsules, and the experimental group was locally coated with minocycline hydrochloride ointment and metronidazole gel. The incidence of postoperative infection and complications was compared between the two groups. The modified gingival creval bleeding index (mSBI), periodontal probing depth (PD) and modified plaque index (mPLI) of the patients were examined by periodontal probe. Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) level was determined by immunoturbidimetry and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and interleukin-6(IL-6) level was determined by ELISA. SPSS 25.0 software package was used for statistical analysis of the data. RESULTS: Good healing rate of the experimental group was 91.67% higher than that of the control group 73.33%, postoperative infection rate was 8.33% and complication rate was 6.67% in the experimental group, significantly lower than that of the control group (26.67% and 20.00%), respectively (P<0.05). After treatment, the level of CRP, TNF-α and IL-6 in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). At 3 and 6 months after treatment, mSBI, mPLI and PD in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The administration of minocycline hydrochloride and metronidazole in patients with localized periodontitis undergoing implantation can reduce oral inflammatory response, reduce postoperative infection and other complications, and improve periodontal health. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical comparative study of efficacy of Er:YAG laser for debonding different veneers ZHUANG Jiao-ling, XU Zhi-qiang, JIN Di, WU Qian-ju Shanghai Journal of Stomatology    2023, 32 (6): 578-582.   DOI: 10.19439/j.sjos.2023.06.004 Abstract （165）      PDF （938KB）（116）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: To compare the debonding time of IPS e.max CAD lithium disilicate glass-ceramic veneers in different thickness and transparency using Er:YAG laser, and evaluate the effect of Er:YAG laser on the surface topography of the veneers and the underlying tooth. METHODS: A total of twelve maxillary first premolar teeth were collected and prepared, then veneers were made by computer aided design and computer aided manufacture(CAD/CAM) system. The veneers were divided into four groups according to different thicknesses and transparency: e.max HT with 0.5 mm and 1.0 mm thickness, e.max LT with 0.5 mm and 1.0 mm thickness. Three veneers of each group were cemented to prepared premolar with resin cement and then stored in normal saline solution at room temperature for 7 days. All veneers were debonded with Er:YAG laser and the debonding time of all-ceramic veneers of all groups was recorded. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) observation was performed to detect the surface topography of the veneers and the underlying tooth. SPSS 19.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The debonding time of 1.0 mm-thick groups were longer than 0.5 mm-thick groups. When the veneer thickness was 0.5 mm, the average debonding time of e.max LT group was longer than e.max HT. Consistent with the finding of 0.5 mm, the longer debonding time was found in the e.max LT group of 1.0mm. No cracks and crater structure were found in SEM observation of veneers after Er:YAG laser irradiation. Teeth surface was covered with bonding cement with no signs of ablation or damage of the enamel. CONCLUSIONS: Er:YAG laser can completely debond lithium disilicate glass-ceramic veneers, and the debonding time depends on the transparency and thickness of the veneers. The lower translucent porcelain veneers (e.max LT) and thicker ones (1.0 mm-thick) had a longer debonding time. Moreover, Er:YAG laser does not damage the morphology and topography of the veneer and the teeth surface. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Applied anatomy of the stylomastoid foramina and its relation to the surrounding bone structures QIN Si-jia, LIU Huan-qi, ZHANG Yu-qing, WANG Dan-yang, HUANG Shuo, WANG Feng, LIU Chang-kui Shanghai Journal of Stomatology    2023, 32 (6): 568-571.   DOI: 10.19439/j.sjos.2023.06.002 Abstract （162）      PDF （607KB）（131）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: To study the relationship between the stylomastoid foramen and surrounding bony structures, enrich anatomical data and provide reference for clinical surgery. METHODS: A total of 62 intact and dry adult skulls were selected. The shape of the stylomastoid foramen was observed, the diameter of the stylomastoid foramen, the distances from the posterolateral point and the anterior medial point to the surrounding bony structures were measured with a vernier caliper. SPSS 25.0 software package was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: There were four shapes of stylomastoid foramen, i.e., circular (61.29%), oval (29.84%), irregular (8.06%) and triangular (0.81%). The circular diameter was (2.80±0.61) mm, the oval long and short diameters were (4.43±0.96) and (2.79±0.60) mm. Distances from the posterolateral and anterior medial points of the stylomastoid foramen to the posterolateral point of the external opening of the carotid canal, the anterior medial point of the jugular foramen, the midline, the most anterior point of the foramen magnum, the posterior point of the great palatine foramen, the posterolateral point of the foramen lacerated, the foramen ovale, the posterolateral point of the foramen spinosum, the anterior point of the styloid process root, the outermost point of the tympanomastoid fissure and the tip of the mastoid process were (16.10±2.81), (24.01±2.65), (44.95±3.24), (45.10±2.71), (61.66±4.14), (35.56±4.35), (32.26±2.85), (29.12±3.40), (10.39±3.25), (9.49±2.24) and (12.01±2.79) mm; (12.80±2.41), (21.56±2.51), (42.96±3.97), (42.91±2.76), (58.97±3.97), (32.98±4.14), (29.20±2.77), (25.80±2.87), (7.37±2.33), (11.42±2.00) and (15.41±2.57) mm, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the apertures and distances between the left and right side(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Most of the stylomastoid foramen are round and oval, understanding the distance between the foramen and surrounding bony structures is helpful for guiding clinical operations and enriching anatomical knowledge. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Accuracy evaluation of static guided implant placement using an intraoral scan method YE Sheng-jia, YANG Xiao-yan, ZHANG Jia-ming, XIN Xian-zhen, WEI Bin, ZENG Li, GONG Yao Shanghai Journal of Stomatology    2023, 32 (5): 491-496.   DOI: 10.19439/j.sjos.2023.05.008 Abstract （156）      PDF （1066KB）（125）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: To evaluate the accuracy of static guided implant placement with intraoral scanning technology and to analyze the influencing factors of guided surgery. METHODS: Totally 27 cases were included in this retrospective study. The implant designs were made in 3Shape Implant Studio and then guided implant surgeries were performed with CAD-CAM templates. Postoperative implant positions were detected with an intraoral scanner (3Shape TRIOS) and deviation of implantation was evaluated using established CAD/CAM based evaluation method. SAS 9.4 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: The mean deviation of entrance point and apical point was (1.182±0.609) mm and (1.658±0.741) mm, respectively. Angular deviation was (5.712±3.347)°. Implant quadrant, location of the implant site, guidance degree, supporting type and implant size influenced direction deviation, while angular deviation was mainly affected by guidance degree and number of missing teeth. CONCLUSIONS: Accuracy of static guided implant placement can be influenced by many factors. More research is needed to improve the accuracy of static guided implantation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Morphological changes of upper airway in patients with skeletal Class Ⅲ malocclusion after bimaxillary surgery and correlation analysis YAN Jie-ya, LIN Yi-jun, LI Ya-xin, LAO An, LIAO Sheng-hsuan, LIU Jia-qiang Shanghai Journal of Stomatology    2023, 32 (5): 485-490.   DOI: 10.19439/j.sjos.2023.05.007 Abstract （151）      PDF （952KB）（146）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: To analyze the morphological changes of the upper airway and related influencing factors in patients with skeletal Class Ⅲ malocclusion after bimaxillary surgery. METHODS: Twenty skeletal Class Ⅲ patients who underwent Le Fort I osteotomy and bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy(BSSRO) for maxillary advancement and mandibular setback were selected. The patients received CT scans before(T0) and 3-6 months after surgery, and the images were reconstructed three-dimensionally with Dolphin Imaging 11.9 software. Changes in the volume, cross-sectional area, and landmarks of each soft and hard tissue of the airway were measured. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using SPSS 25.0 software package. RESULTS: The volume of nasopharyngeal airway increased after operation (P<0.05), and the volume of oropharyngeal airway decreased significantly(P<0.01). The cross-sectional area of the airway at the plane of the second cervical vertebra was significantly decreased (P<0.01), and the coronal and sagittal diameters were decreased(P<0.05). The change of nasopharyngeal airway volume was moderately positively correlated with the sagittal change of the posterior nasal spine (r=0.460, P<0.05), and the change of oropharynx and laryngopharyngeal airway volume was positively correlated with the vertical change of the midpoint of the soft palate(r=0.496, 0.696, P<0.05). The airway cross-sectional area in the second and third cervical vertebra planes and the sagittal diameter of the airway in the third cervical vertebra plane were positively correlated with the vertical changes of the midpoint of the soft palate(r=0.474, 0.629, 0.547, P<0.05). The change of airway cross-sectional area at the third cervical vertebra plane was moderately negatively correlated with the change of mandibular plane angle(r=-0.536, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The volume and cross-sectional area of oropharyngeal airway in skeletal Class Ⅲ patients after bimaxillary surgery will decrease. However, the total upper airway volume doesn't change significantly. The changes in the upper airway are correlated with the changes in some soft and hard tissue landmarks. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Metabolomics study on the difference of tongue coating metabolites between patients with intra-oral halitosis and healthy individual LIMAN Aviella-nathania, ZHU Hong-lai, YANG Wen-jie, YE Wei Shanghai Journal of Stomatology    2023, 32 (5): 525-531.   DOI: 10.19439/j.sjos.2023.05.014 Abstract （150）      PDF （1306KB）（115）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: To analyze the difference of metabolites of tongue coating between patients with intra-oral halitosis and healthy individuals by untargeted metabolomics, and to explore significant differences in metabolites of intra-oral halitosis as biomarkers. METHODS: The untargeted metabolomics of tongue coating samples from 12 patients with intra-oral halitosis and 12 healthy individuals were studied by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry combined with principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis. The value of variable importance in projection >1 and P<0.05 of Student's t test in the orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis model were used as the criteria to screen and determine the differential metabolites. RESULTS: There were differences in the metabolites of tongue coating between patients with intra-oral halitosis and healthy individuals, and 11 different metabolites were identified. They were valyl-arginine, glycine-phenylalanine, tryptophyl-proline, deoxyadenosine, 4,5-dihydroniveusin A, N-acetyl-DL-tryptophan, paramethasone acetate, cyclopentanol, [(2-hexylcyclopentylidene) amino]thiourea, L-pipecolic acid and taurine. In the intra-oral halitosis group, the expressions of Glycine-phenylalanine and N-acetyl-DL-tryptophan were significantly up-regulated, while the expressions of taurine were significantly down-regulated. CONCLUSIONS: There are differences in the metabolites of tongue coating between patients with intra-oral halitosis and healthy individuals. The differential metabolites with diagnostic value may be used as diagnostic markers of intra-oral halitosis. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of EPA on inflammatory response of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts induced by P. gingivalis LPS ZHOU Zi-chao, SHU Rong, WU Yi-qun Shanghai Journal of Stomatology    2023, 32 (5): 475-479.   DOI: 10.19439/j.sjos.2023.05.005 Abstract （148）      PDF （721KB）（102）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: To observe the effect of eicosapentaenoc acid (EPA) on the expression of inflammatory factors in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (hPDLCs) induced by using lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis). METHODS: hPDLCs were cultured by using tissue block method, and the effects of different concentrations of EPA on the activity of hPDLCs cells were observed by MTT method. According to MTT results, the appropriate concentration of EPA was selected, and the expression of interleukin-6(IL-6), IL-8 and IL-1β in hPDLCs induced by P. gingivalis LPS was detected by real time PCR and ELISA. The data were evaluated by SPSS 10.0 software package. RESULTS: 25-100 μmol/L EPA had no effect on the activity of hPDLCs cells, but could inhibit the expression of IL-6, IL-8 and IL-1β induced by P. gingivalis LPS in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS: EPA can inhibit the expression of inflammatory factors induced by P. gingivalis LPS without affecting cell activity, indicating that EPA has the possibility of anti-inflammatory treatment of periodontitis. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Single-cell transcriptome characterization of oral mucosal fibroblasts ZHAO Jiong, BAI Guo, YANG Chi Shanghai Journal of Stomatology    2024, 33 (1): 1-5.   DOI: 10.19439/j.sjos.2024.01.001 Abstract （141）      PDF （1308KB）（129）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: To elucidate the disparities and similarities in the composition and function of fibroblast subtypes between normal oral mucosa and cutaneous tissue, to establish a unified classification of fibroblast subtypes between these two tissue types, comprehend the differences and similarities in their functionalities, and provide a foundational basis for future applications in the fields of tissue repair and regeneration. METHODS: Four single-cell databases from both oral mucosa and cutaneous tissue were integrated and fibroblast subpopulations were extracted. Batch effects were eliminated using Harmony, and fibroblast subpopulations were subsequently classified via UMAP (Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection) clustering. The functional analysis of these subpopulations was conducted through gene set enrichment results. Statistical analysis was performed with R 4.2.0 software package. RESULTS: Eight distinct functional fibroblast subpopulations were defined, and their functions were found to be associated with the composition of the extracellular matrix, immunity, and contraction. Statistical analysis revealed differences in the composition ratios of these subpopulations between oral mucosa and skin tissue. CONCLUSIONS: To evaluate the role of fibroblasts in tissue homeostasis and wound healing accomplished by integrating and analyzing fibroblasts from normal skin and oral mucosal tissue from various sites, this study identifies the differences in fibroblast subpopulation composition and function between these two tissue types in healthy conditions, and provides an understanding of oral mucosa and skin homeostasis and cellular function at the transcriptomic level. The findings of this study may serve as a basis for future research in this area. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Accuracy evaluation of recording maxillomandibular relation with the mandibular kinesiography SHE Wen-jun, XIE Jun-liang, JIAO Ting Shanghai Journal of Stomatology    2023, 32 (5): 497-500.   DOI: 10.19439/j.sjos.2023.05.009 Abstract （138）      PDF （572KB）（108）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: To evaluate the accuracy of recording maxillomandibular position relationship with the mandibular kinesiography by surface electromyography analysis of the masticatory muscles and MRI of temporomandibular joint (TMJ). METHODS: Eight edentulous patients were selected randomly, and the maxillomandibular position relationship was determined by mandibular kinesiography and traditional method respectively. Then the corresponding bite plates were made to wear. Surface electromyography test of left and right anterior temporal and masseter muscle and magnetic resonance scan of the temporomandibular joint were performed on closed mouth position to record peak potentials, calculate asymmetric indexes, analyze the position relationship between the joint disc and the condyle, measure TMJ joint space. SPSS 18.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the amplitude of the anterior temporal or masseter muscle, the asymmetry index of total, asymmetry index of masseter, asymmetry index of temporalis, the anterior, upper and posterior spaces of TMJ between the mandibular kinesiography group and the traditional group (P>0.05). The temporomandibular articular disc process relationship of the two groups were conformed to the normal physiological position relationship. CONCLUSIONS: Mandibular kinesiography could accurately record the maxillomandibular position relationship in patients with edentulous jaws. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Efficacy of early maxillary slow expansion in mixed dentition on maxillary teeth and alveolar crest in the central segment WONG Chung-man, ZHANG Yun, LI Xiao-bing Shanghai Journal of Stomatology    2023, 32 (5): 501-507.   DOI: 10.19439/j.sjos.2023.05.010 Abstract （138）      PDF （1107KB）（133）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: To study the effect of slow maxillary expansion(SME) appliance on the development of premolar tooth germ, primary molar and alveolar crest in the central segment of maxilla in the mixed dentition. METHODS: According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 17 children (average age 7.41±0.80 years old ) with maxillary transverse deficiency were selected for SME. Before and after treatment, based on cone-beam CT(CBCT) and Dolphin Imaging software, the position of maxillary premolar tooth germ, the position of maxillary primary molar, the shape of maxillary alveolar crest in the central segment were analyzed. SPSS 21.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: There was no significant change in the buccal-lingual movement and inclination of the tooth germs of the maxillary first and second premolars relative to the maxillary alveolar bone cortex after expansion(P>0.05 ). After expansion, the maxillary alveolar crest in the central segment had an obvious expansion effect(P<0.05). There was an arch expansion effect in the alveolar crest bottom of the maxillary second primary molar (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in the alveolar crest bottom of the maxillary first primary molar before and after treatment. Buccal cusp width of maxillary first and second primary molars increased after arch expansion (P<0.05) without inclination of alveolar crest(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: SME in the mixed dentition did not affect the position of premolar tooth germ in alveolar bone. SME can expand and buccally tilt central alveolar crest and dental arch, and buccal inclination is greater than that of skeletal expansion and buccal inclination. The closer tooth site is to the first molar, the greater the skeletal effect of arch expansion is at this site. SME is an effective treatment for early maxillary expansion in the clinic. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Feasibility of precise digital techniques combined with bone puncture techniques to guide the extent of jaw resection LIU Chang, WU Qiong, CHEN Shao-hua, XU Tao, LIU Liang, ZHANG Kai Shanghai Journal of Stomatology    2023, 32 (5): 519-524.   DOI: 10.19439/j.sjos.2023.05.013 Abstract （137）      PDF （1534KB）（101）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: To evaluate the feasibility of Mimics software combined with 3D printing and bone biopsy to guide the resection scope of mandibular malignant tumors. METHODS: Fifteen patients admitted to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College from January 2019 to April 2021 for oral malignancies and requiring mandibular osteotomy were selected. Preoperatively, CT data of the mandibles were taken to design and print the puncture guide using Mimics software and 3D printing technology, and the length of the osteotomy and the number of teeth lost were also measured. The resected mandible was then combined with the puncture guide and a percutaneous puncture needle to perform bone puncture at the appropriate site and sent for pathology. The mandibular gross specimen was decalcified and when decalcified, the mandibular gross was taken from the same loci, thus testing the accuracy of the bone puncture pathology relative to the gross decalcification pathology, comparing the actual osteotomy length with the simulated osteotomy length and comparing the actual number of missing teeth with the simulated number of missing teeth. SPSS 17.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: Bone puncture pathology using 3D guides possessed consistent accuracy with gross decalcification pathology. Simulated osteotomy length was significantly less than actual osteotomy length(P<0.001). Simulated number of missing teeth was significantly less than actual number of missing teeth (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The use of Mimics software combined with bone puncture biopsy techniques to guide the extent of resection of malignant tumors in the mandible allows for more accurate mandibular osteotomy, thereby preserving more healthy bone and teeth. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Oral health behavior and parental cognition of first-grade children in urban and suburban areas of Shanghai SU Hong-ru, WU Yi-pei, QIAN Wen-hao, ZHANG Hong-jun Shanghai Journal of Stomatology    2023, 32 (5): 536-540.   DOI: 10.19439/j.sjos.2023.05.016 Abstract （136）      PDF （584KB）（116）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: To investigate oral health behaviors of first-grade school children and parents' cognition of oral health in urban and suburban areas of Shanghai, and to analyze and compare the differences between the two areas, so as to provide reference for formulating oral health intervention measures and oral health education. METHODS: A total of 3 312 first-grade school-aged children in Shanghai were included by cluster random sampling method. Relevant data were collected through questionnaire survey of parents' oral health and clinical oral examination of children. Chi-square test was used to compare the differences in oral health behaviors of children and parents' oral health cognition between urban and suburban area with SAS 9.4 software package. RESULTS: The proportion of children who brush their teeth more than twice a day in urban and suburban areas was 72.55% and 44.26%, and the proportion of children who brushed their teeth with fluoride toothpaste was 53.25% and 44.79%, respectively. Compared with the suburban area, the brushing habits of school-aged children in urban area were better, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). In terms of medical habits, the proportion of children with no dental experience in urban and suburban areas was 26.99% and 44.08%, and the proportion of children with toothache in the past year was lower than that in the last dental visit, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). In terms of parents' cognition and attitude towards oral health knowledge, parents in urban areas were more correct than those in suburban areas, with the average correct rate being 82.56% and 70.42%, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: There are regional differences in oral health behaviors of first-grade school children and parents' oral health knowledge between urban and suburban area in Shanghai. It is suggested that relevant government departments should strengthen oral health education and oral health behavior guidance for parents, and strengthen oral health investment in non-central urban areas. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Biological characteristics and osteogenic differentiation of magnesium-doped nanoporous titanium coating ZHAO Shan, ZHANG Lin, LI Sheng-nan, KANG Nan, MENG Jian, LI Xiao-dong Shanghai Journal of Stomatology    2024, 33 (1): 6-12.   DOI: 10.19439/j.sjos.2024.01.002 Abstract （136）      PDF （2088KB）（120）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: Bioactive magnesium ions were successfully incorporated into the nanoporous titanium base coating by micro-arc oxidation(MAO), and its physical properties and osteogenic effects were explored. METHODS: Non-magnesium-containing and magnesium-containing titanium porous titanium coatings(MAO, MAO-mg) were prepared by changing the composition of MAO electrolyte and controlling the doping of magnesium in porous titanium coatings. The samples were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), roughness, contact angle and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS). Mg2+ release ability of magnesium-doped nanoporous titanium coatings was determined by inductively coupled plasma/optical emission spectrometer(ICP-OES). The structure of the cytoskeleton was determined by live/dead double staining, CCK-8 detection of material proliferation-toxicity, and staining of β-actin using FITC-phalloidin. The effects of the coating on osteogenic differentiation in vitro were determined by alizarin red (ARS), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). SPSS 25.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The MAO electrolyte with magnesium ions did not change the surface characteristics of the porous titanium coating. Each group prepared by MAO had similar microporous structure(P>0.05). There was no significant difference in surface roughness and contact angle between MAO treatment group (MAO, MAO-mg)(P>0.05), but significantly higher than that of Ti group (P<0.05). With the passage of cell culture time, MAO-mg group promoted cell proliferation (P<0.05). MAO-mg group was significantly higher than other groups in ALP and ARS staining. The expression of Runx2 mRNA (P<0.05), ALP(P<0.05) and osteocalcin OCN(P<0.05) in MAO-mg group was significantly higher than that in Ti and MAO groups. CONCLUSIONS: MAO successfully prepared magnesium-containing nanoporous titanium coating, and showed a significant role in promoting osteogenic differentiation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Experimental study of APB-DOCK8 transgenic tomato vaccine for caries prevention LONG Qian, LIAO Cheng-cheng, XIAO Lin-lin, LIU Jian-guo, GUAN Xiao-yan Shanghai Journal of Stomatology    2023, 32 (6): 561-567.   DOI: 10.19439/j.sjos.2023.06.001 Abstract （136）      PDF （1616KB）（124）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: To observe the anti-caries effect of transgenic tomato anti-caries vaccine after immunization with SD rats by gavage and to explore its immunity mechanism initially. METHODS: SD rats were used to establish an experimental caries model. The transgenic anti-caries tomatoes expressing the target protein were cultivated and identified. The SIgA and IgG contents of specific anti-PAcA in saliva and blood samples of SD rats were detected by ELISA. Then, the SD rats were sacrificed, the maxillary and mandibular bones were taken for Keyes dental caries score, and spleens were taken for the analysis of RNA-seq. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 18.0 software package. RESULTS: The target protein concentration in the transgenic tomato anti-caries vaccine was 36.28μg/mL. After vaccine immunization of SD rats, group D (8 mL/kg) produced the highest levels of specific SIgA and IgG antibodies at week 6 and was significantly different from the other groups(P<0.05), and caries counting score was also significantly different than the other groups (P<0.05). The spleen mRNA of SD rats in group D was extracted and sequenced by RNA-seq, and 40 genes with significant differences in mRNA expression were obtained(P-adjust<0.05 & |Fold Change|≥1.5). 26 genes were significantly upregulated, including IGFBP6 and COL15A1. The upregulated gene GO enrichment was enriched to humoral immune response, B-cell activation, and immunoglobulin receptor binding; KEGG enrichment was enriched to 56 signaling pathways, including PI3K-AKT and NF-κB, and F<0.001. Fourteen genes were significantly downregulated, but the analysis of downregulated gene GO and KEGG enrichment was not statistically significant(F>0.1). CONCLUSIONS: Transgenic tomato anti-caries vaccine may reduce caries occurrence by upregulating the activation of PI3K-AKT signaling pathway mediated by IGFBP6 in SD rats. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The effect of visual education based on digital intraoral scanning on postoperative anxiety in patients with immediate dental implant WANG Bei, ZHANG Xiao, ZHU Cao-yun Shanghai Journal of Stomatology    2023, 32 (5): 551-554.   DOI: 10.19439/j.sjos.2023.05.019 Abstract （133）      PDF （619KB）（107）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of visual education based on digital intraoral scanning on postoperative anxiety and treatment confidence in patients with immediate dental implant. METHODS: A total of 266 patients who underwent immediate implantation in Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from January to October 2022 were randomly divided into 2 groups based on the ratio of 1:1, the control group adopted traditional nursing education method, and the experimental group carried out visual education based on digital intraoral scanning on the basis of traditional nursing education. The anxiety self-rating scale (SAS) was used to evaluate the anxiety level after surgery, the numerical score method (NRS) was used to evaluate the patient's confidence in treatment, and visual analogue score(VAS) was used to evaluate the patient's satisfaction with nursing work. SAS 9.4 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: After intervention, the SAS scores of the two groups were significantly lower than those before the intervention (P<0.01), and the SAS score of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.01). Pearson Chi-square test did not find significant difference between the two groups in the treatment confidence of immediate implantation after intervention(P>0.05), but the results of Mantel-Haenszel Chi-square test showed that the treatment confidence of the experimental group was significantly increased compared with that of the control group (P<0.05). The VAS score of the experimental group for nursing job satisfaction evaluation was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Visual education based on digital intraoral scanning in the immediate implant patient population can significantly improve patients' anxiety, which is conducive to further improving patients' confidence and satisfaction. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on promoting bone formation in osteoporotic zebrafish by lithium-doped hydroxyapatite nanowires LIU Zhen, GUO Wei-ming, LIU Lu, CHEN Rong-jing, FANG Bing Shanghai Journal of Stomatology    2023, 32 (5): 455-461.   DOI: 10.19439/j.sjos.2023.05.002 Abstract （133）      PDF （2023KB）（144）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: To observe the regulatory effect of lithium-doped hydroxyapatite nanowires on bone metabolism in osteoporotic zebrafish induced by dexamethasone. METHODS: Pure hydroxyapatite nanowires(nHA) and hydroxyapatite nanowires doped with 10% lithium ions (Li-nHA) were prepared by using hydrothermal method, and then material characterization was performed. The juvenile zebrafish cultured for 3 days(3dpf) were selected and co-cultured with nHA and Li-nHA extracts up to 7dpf. A negative(0.1% DMSO) control group was set up and transgenic zebrafish Tg(ola.sp7:nlsGFP) was used to select the best concentration for promoting bone formation. The osteoporotic zebrafish were induced by dexamethasone and incubated with nHA and Li-nHA extracts. The wild-type zebrafish was stained with alizarin red and the osteogenic differentiation was observed in transgenic zebrafish. Real-time quantitative PCR was adopted to detect osteogenic maker genes, such as zinc finger transcription factor (SP7), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteoprotegerin (OPG), Runt related transcription factor 2(Runx2) and osteocalcin (OCN). Statistical analysis was performed with GraphPad Prism 9.3 software. RESULTS: nHA and Li-nHA promoted bone formation and up-regulated expression levels of ALP, OCN, Runx2, SP7 and OPG of osteoporotic zebrafish. Compared with nHA, Li-nHA significantly increased the mineralization specific staining area and cumulative optical density of zebrafish bone, and the expression of osteogenic maker genes was also significantly increased. CONCLUSIONS: Doping lithium ions in nano hydroxyapatite can enhance its osteoinductive properties, and Li-nHA can effectively improve bone formation of osteoporotic zebrafish. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics