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25 August 2017, Volume 26 Issue 4 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Effect of overexpression of transcription factor Runx2 and Osterix on osteogenic differentiation of endothelial cells YANG Guang-zheng, ZHANG Wen-jie, DING Xun, ZHANG Xiang-kai, JIANG Xin-quan, ZHANG Zhi-yuan 2017, 26 (4):  353-357.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2017.04.001 Abstract ( 424 )   PDF (3725KB) ( 790 )   To explore the effect of overexpression of Runx2 and Osterix (OSX) genes on osteogenic differentiation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). METHODS: Overexpressed Runx2 and OSX lentiviral vectors were transfected into HUVECs respectively. The osteogenic potential of transfected cells was identified by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and ALP activity. Furthermore, real time-PCR, Western blot and immunofluorescence staining were performed to detect the expression of osteogenic genes and proteins in HUVECs. GraphPad Prism 6.01 software was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Overexpression of Runx2 gene was beneficial for osteogenic differentiation of HUVECs, while overexpression of osterix gene did not show osteogenic differential potential. Moreover, overexpression of Runx2 gene in HUVECs up-regulated the gene expression level of Runx2, OSX, ALP, bone sialoprotein (BSP), osteopontin (OPN), and osteocalcin (OCN), and up-regulated protein level of OPN and OCN. CONCLUTIONS: Overexpression of Runx2 could promote osteogenic differentiation of HUVECs. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of GLUD1 on proliferation, osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of human dental pulp stem cells LU Xi, LIU Shang-feng, ZHAO Shou-liang 2017, 26 (4):  358-362.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2017.04.002 Abstract ( 336 )   PDF (3593KB) ( 297 )   To investigate the effect of glutamate dehydrogenase 1 (GLUD1) on proliferation, osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). METHODS: hDPSCs were isolated by tissue-explant method in vitro, and shGLUD1 lentivirus was transfected to knock down the expression of GLUD1. RT-PCR and Western blot were performed to detect the expression of GLUD1. CCK8 assay was used to evaluate cell proliferation. After culture with osteogenic inducing medium for 14 days, alizarin red staining was used to detect the formation of mineralization nodules, and RT-PCR and immunofluorescence staining were performed to detect the expression of Runx2 and OCN, respectively. The data were analyzed with SPSS 20.0 software package. RESULTS: The expression of GLUD1 was significantly increased in hDPSCs after osteogenic induction compared with the control. After transfection with shGLUD1 lentivirus, GLUD1 expression was significantly decreased (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, mineralization nodule formation was significantly decreased in shGLUD1 group after osteogenic induction. The expression of OCN (late-staged markers for osteogenic differentiation) were significantly decreased both in mRNA and protein levels, while the expression of Runx2 (early-staged markers for osteoblast differentiation) was up-regulated. CONCLUSIONS: shGLUD1 inhibits the proliferation, mineralization and the late stage of osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs in vitro. GLUD1 may play an important role in osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction of a lentiviral vector of RNA interference of PERK gene and identification in human dental pulp cells WEN Yang, ZHU Ya-qin 2017, 26 (4):  363-367.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2017.04.003 Abstract ( 317 )   PDF (3410KB) ( 208 )   To construct an expression vector of a small hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting human PERK gene and to observe gene-silencing effects of PERK in human dental pulp cells (DPCs). METHODS: According to PERK gene cDNA sequence, shRNA was designed and synthesized, which was then annealed into hU6-MCS-CMV-EGFP vector. After identified by sequencing, hU6-MCS-CMV-EGFP vector and packaging vector were co-transfected into 293 T cells. 72 hours later, the recombinant lentiviruses were obtained after harvesting and concentrating. Then LV-PERK-RNAi vectors were transfected into DPCs at an appropriate multiplicity of infection. To verify the interference effect, real- time PCR and Western blot were used to detect expression levels of PERK mRNA and protein in the transfected DPCs. The data were analyzed with SPSS 24.0 software package. RESULTS: LV-PERK-RNAi vectors were successfully constructed with a high titer of 3×108 TU/mL. The results of RT-PCR and Western blot demonstrated that after infection with LV-PERK-RNAi vector at a multiplicity of infection of 30, the expression level of PERK gene in DPCs was significantly down-regulated compared with control group. At mRNA level, the interference rate was about 63%. CONCLUSIONS: An effective lentiviral shRNA expression vector targeting the PERK gene is successfully constructed and can be used for further study on the function of PERK gene. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of human β-defensin and its relationship with inflammatory factor in human dental pulp tissue ZHAI Yue, HUANG Jian-ying, HYUN Park, JI Fang, FEI Zhao-liang, TAO Jiang 2017, 26 (4):  368-373.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2017.04.004 Abstract ( 325 )   PDF (4144KB) ( 211 )   To investigate the expression of human β-defensin(HBD) in human dental pulp tissue and to explore the regulation of HBD in pulp inflammation and the relationship among HBD family members. METHODS: The gene expression of HBD in human dental pulp tissue was assessed in NCBI GEO profiles and was verified by RT-PCR. Human dental pulp cells were stimulated with TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-1β and IL-6 in different combinations and the expression of HBD2 was analyzed by qPCR. Human dental pulp cells were pretreated with HBD110 and then stimulated with LPS and the expression of TNF-α,IL-1α and HBD2 were analyzed by qPCR. GraphPad Prism 5.01 was used to analyze the results of the experimental and the control groups. RESULTS: 27 HBDs were found to express in human dental pulp tissue in NCBI GEO Profiles. The joint overexpression of TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-1β and IL-6 increased the expression of HBD2; HBD110 increased the expression of HBD2 by increasing the expression of TNF-α and IL-1α. CONCLUSIONS: Many other HBDs have positive expression in human dental pulp issue besides of HBD1, HBD2, HBD3, HBD4 and the inflammation factors and other HBDs can regulate the expression of HBD2 in dental pulp. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of a non-thermal atmospheric pressure argon plasma jet on SOD and MDA levels in oral mucosal ulcer of golden hamsters ZHENG Li, CHEN Ming-sheng, WANG Lu 2017, 26 (4):  374-378.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2017.04.005 Abstract ( 172 )   PDF (3465KB) ( 247 )   To observe the effects of a non-thermal atmospheric pressure argon plasma jet on the healing time, and the levels of superoxide dismutase（SOD）and malondialdehyde（MDA）in oral mucosal ulcer of golden hamsters．METHODS： 56 golden hamsters were randomly assigned to 8 groups, one normal control group, one ulcer group, one natural healing group without any therapy, one iodine glycerin group, two argon groups (30 s, 120 s)and two plasma groups (30 s, 120 s)．24 hours after the last treatment, 4 hamsters from each group were sacrificed to detect SOD and MDA levels in the oral mucosal ulcer by spectrophotometry. The healing time in the remaining hamsters was observed continuously for 9 days after the last treatment．The data were analyzed with SPSS 22.0 software package. RESULTS：The healing time of the plasma groups was significantly shorter than the other groups (P=0.00). 24 h after the last treatment, there was no significant difference between the plasma groups and the normal contro1 group in SOD and MDA levels (P>0.05), SOD level in plasma groups was significantly higher than other groups (P=0.00), and MDA level in plasma groups was significantly lower than other groups (P=0.00). There was no significant difference between 30 s and 120 s plasma group in SOD and MDA levels (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma in certain dose can increase SOD level and decrease MDA level in ulcer tissues effectively, and reduce the healing time of oral ulcer in golden hamsters． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound combined with triamcinolone acetonide on oral mucosal ulcer healing in syrian hamster FENG Tian-ming, YANG Ming-cong, PAN Lan-lan, FEI Chen-xi, WANG Chao, XIANG Xue-rong, SUN Jun 2017, 26 (4):  379-383.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2017.04.006 Abstract ( 192 )   PDF (3302KB) ( 311 )   To evaluate the effect of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound（LIPUS） combined with triamcinolone acetonide on oral mucosal ulcer in syrian hamster in several ways, including healing time, contents of superoxide dismutase（SOD）and malondialdehyde (MDA). METHODS: Sixty syrian hamsters were randomly divided into 5 groups, including a baseline group (containing a normal baseline group and a model baseline group, n=6) and 4 experimental groups (LIPUS processing and drug use group, LIPUS group, drug group and a normal control group without any processing, n=12). Four experimental groups and model baseline group were given oxygen free radicals to model the oral mucosal ulcer. At 24 h after the last treatment, the healing time of ulcer, content of SOD and MDA were compared between each group. SPSS 20.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Compared with LIPUS group,drug group and control group, the healing time of oral mucosal ulcer in LIPUS and drug combined group was shortened. At 24 h after the last treatment, the activity of SOD showed that the LIPUS and drug combined group[(2.32±0.30) U/mgprot] were significantly higher than the model baseline group[(1.48±0.29) U/mgprot], the LIPUS group[(1.83±0.15) U/mgprot], the drug group[(1.76±0.25) U/mgprot] and control group[(1.71±0.18) U/mgprot] (P<0.05). The results of MDA content showed that the LIPUS and drug combined group [(8.17±0.21) nmol/mgprot] were significantly lower than the model baseline group[(9.41±0.22) nmol/mgprot], the LIPUS group[(9.00±0.44) nmol/mgprot], the drug group [(9.04±0.43) nmol/mgprot] and control group[(9.03±0.46) nmol/mgprot] (P<0.05). After oral mucosal ulcer healing, the activity of SOD and MDA showed that the LIPUS and drug combined group, the LIPUS group, the drug group and control group were not significantly different from the normal baseline group (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound combined with triamcinolone acetonide can effectively improve the activity of SOD and reduce the contents of MDA in ulcerated tissues, and therefore accelerate the process of ulcer healing． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of SOCS-1 and SOCS-3 in chronic periapical lesions and its clinical significance WANG Si-mo, MA Nan, QIU Li-hong, LI Xiao-lin, YANG Di, XUE Ming 2017, 26 (4):  384-388.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2017.04.007 Abstract ( 237 )   PDF (3575KB) ( 326 )   To detect the expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 (SOCS-1) and suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS-3) in chronic periapical lesions and to clarify their roles in pathogenesis of apical periodontitis. METHODS: A total of 25 chronic periapical lesion tissues and 16 normal periodontal ligament tissues were collected respectively. The expression of mRNA was measured by real-time PCR, the protein expression was measured by immunohistochemical analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 13.0 software package. RESULTS: Immunohistochemical results indicated that expression levels of SOCS-1 and SOCS-3 protein in chronic periapical lesions were significantly higher than that in normal tissues (P<0.01); Moreover, SOCS-1 and SOCS-3 protein expression levels in severe inflammation group were significantly higher than that in mild inflammation group (P<0.01). In mild inflammation group, severe inflammation group and control group, the expression levels of SOCS-1 mRNA were 2.620±1.552, 2.373±1.083 and 1.277±1.040, whereas those of SOCS-3 were 9.308±5.901, 7.565±3.233 and 1.232±1.099, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The expression levels of SOCS-1 mRNA and SOCS-3 mRNA are significantly higher both in mild inflammation group and severe inflammation group than that in control group (P<0.01), while no significant difference is found in mild and severe inflammation group. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of HBXIP on biological function and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway of adenoid cystic carcinoma cell line ACC-M MENG Xue, QI Xiao-yu, WANG Qiu-xu, LIU Wei-xian 2017, 26 (4):  389-394.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2017.04.008 Abstract ( 289 )   PDF (4378KB) ( 204 )   To study the effect of hepatitis B virus X protein binding protein (HBXIP) on proliferation, migration and invasion of adenoid cystic carcinoma cell line ACC-M, and the possible mechanism of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. METHODS: HBXIP plasmid was transfected into ACC-M. The cells were divided into experimental group (transfected with plasmid pEGFP-N1-HBXIP) control group (non-transfected group) and blank control group (vector group, pEGFP-N1). RT-PCR was used to detect the expression HBXIP in ACC-M; MTT assay, transwell chamber experiments and scratches over the proliferation of HBXIP were utilized individually to evaluate the influence of HBXIP on ACC-M expression, migration and invasion; Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression of Akt, p-Akt, PI3K, p-PI3K and S100A4 after overexpression of HBXIP. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 18.0 software package. RESULTS: MTT results showed that the number of surviving cells of experimental group was significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05); Scratch test results showed that the cell mobility of the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group (P<0.01); Transwell chamber experiments showed that the number of cell invasion of the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group (P<0.01); Western blotting results showed that compared with the control group, the expression of p-Akt, p-PI3K and S100A4 in the experimental group with overexpressed HBXIP was relatively increased. CONCLUSIONS: Overexpression of HBXIP gene promotes ACC-M proliferation, invasion and migration. Further, ACC-M proliferation, invasion and migration may be promoted by increased Akt, PI3K phosphorylation and S100A4 protein expression. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the sealing ability of biological root canal sealer iRoot SP in root canal filling ZHANG Ning, LI Xin, MIAO Lei-ying, WU Juan, GE Jiu-yu, LIU Chao, YANG Wei-dong 2017, 26 (4):  395-398.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2017.04.009 Abstract ( 488 )   PDF (2780KB) ( 376 )   To investigate the sealing ability of biological root canal sealer iRoot SP in over-root canal filling. METHODS：After completion of root canal preparation, 48 extracted human single-canal teeth were used. The ratio of mesio-distal root canal diameter to bucco-lingual diameter was less than 0.5. The teeth were randomly divided into group A, B and C. The root canals were obturated with root canal filling agent (group A), AH Plus (group B) and iRoot SP (group C), respectively; the apical leakage was evaluated by dye penetration method and transparent teeth technique. The data were analyzed using SPSS 19.0 software package. RESULTS: The depth of dye penetration in group A was significantly higher than that in group B and C (P<0.05); there was no significant difference in the depth of dye penetration between group B and group C (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The apical sealing ability of iRoot SP is equivalent to AH Plus in oval-root canal, both are better than that of root canal filling agent． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of transfected EphB4 on osteogenic differentiation in stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth LI Xiao-ming, YUAN Chang-yong, ZHU Shao-yue, LIU Zong-xiang, WANG Peng-lai 2017, 26 (4):  399-403.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2017.04.010 Abstract ( 192 )   PDF (3582KB) ( 189 )   To evaluate the effect of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) transfected with EphB4 gene in regulating osteogenic differentiation. METHODS: Human dental pulp tissue were harvested from extracted deciduous teeth and digested by collagenase and dispase. The SHEDs were transfected with transgenic (hEphB4-GFP) vector or empty vector (GFP-vector). Real time-polymerase chain reaction（real time-PCR） analysis and Western blot were used to detect the expression of EphB4 in SHEDs after transfection. EphB4-SHEDs and GFP-SHEDs were subjected to osteogenic induction and assessed by alkaline phosphatase(ALP) assay and Alizarin-red S staining. SPSS 16.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Real time-PCR revealed that the expression of EphB4 was significantly enhanced in EphB4-SHEDs compared to GFP-SHEDs (P<0.05). The expression of EphB4 protein was significantly higher (P<0.05) in EphB4-SHEDs compared to GFP-SHEDs. ALP assay and Alizarin-red S staining demonstrated higher ALP activity and increased mineralization with EphB4-SHEDs. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that transgenic expression of EphB4 in SHEDs could promote osteogenic differentiation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of flowablenano-composite on the bonding strength of tooth reattachment on fractured crowns ZHAO Shi-min, HUANG Xiao, CHEN Hui, WANG Jun 2017, 26 (4):  404-408.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2017.04.011 Abstract ( 284 )   PDF (3273KB) ( 239 )   To study the effect of flowable nano-composite and different resin adhesives on reattachment of fractured crowns. METHODS: Thirty four fractured human maxillary incisors were obtained and randomly assigned into 4 groups and reattached using two types of adhesives: Easy one (EO) and Single bond 2(SB2), with or without Filtek Z350 flowable nano-composite. Four days after reattaching, the teeth were tested to achieve the shear bonding strength (SBS) and the recovery rate of fracture resistance after reattachment (R) were calculated. Statistical analysis was performed by use of SPSS 20.0 software package. RESULTS: Using flowable nano-composite failed to increase the SBS and R.The recovery rates of the specimens using EO without flowable composite achieved the highest value and they were significantly higher than those of the specimens using SB2 without flowable composite (P=0.046). CONCLUSIONS: If the fragment matches the fractured tooth perfectly, the tooth reattached using EO without composite will achieve higher bonding strength. However, not all the adhesives can be used to reattach without composite. Clinical decisions should be made on two aspects: whether the selected adhesive has sufficient mechanical strength and if there is any loss of tooth tissue after fracture. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Significance of Smad4, Smad7 and Caveolin-1 expression in oral mucosa carcinogenesis of Wistar rats LI Yuan, ZHOU Jian-wei, LI Hui-liang, LIU Jin-zhong 2017, 26 (4):  409-413.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2017.04.012 Abstract ( 223 )   PDF (3504KB) ( 372 )   To investigate the expression of Smad4, Smad7 and Caveolin-1 in the process of carcinogenesis of oral mucosa in Wistar rats, and to understand the changes of TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway and Caveolin-1 in oral cancer. METHODS: Palatal mucosal carcinogenesis specimens of Wistar rats were obtained from School of Stomatology, Zhengzhou University, which included 5 samples of normal mucosa, 10 samples of simple hyperplasia mucosa, 6 samples of mild mucosal dysplasia, 7 samples of moderate mucosal dysplasia, 13 samples of mucosa severe mucosal dysplasia, and 28 samples of oral cancer tissue. The expression of Smad4, Smad7 and Caveolin-1 was detected by immunohistochemistry. SPSS15.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The expression of Smad4 decreased in normal and hyperplastic epithelia, dysplasticepithelia and oral cancer gradually, the difference of the expression among the three groups was significant (P<0.05). The expression of Smad7 and Caveolin-1 increased in normal and hyperplastic epithelia, dysplasticepithelia and oral cancer gradually, respectively; the difference of the expression among the 3 groups was significant (P<0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that Smad4 was negatively correlated with Smad7, Smad4 was negatively correlated with caveolin-1, Smad7 was positively correlated with Caveolin-1 (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Synergistic effects may exist among Smad4, Smad7 and caveolin-1 in carcinogenesis of oral cancer. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of profile aesthetics of skeletal Class Ⅱ patients with different treatment methods YANG Jing-yun, HE Chang-ping, ZHANG Yi, HUANG Qian-qian, XIA Xi, WANG Hua-qiao 2017, 26 (4):  414-418.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2017.04.013 Abstract ( 339 )   PDF (3580KB) ( 279 )   To study the aesthetic appearance of skeletal Class Ⅱ patients with maxillary protrusion and mandibular retrusion treated with different methods. METHODS: The facial profile photographs and lateral cephalometric radiographs of a Chinese woman suffering from skeletal Class Ⅱ with maxillary protrusion and mandibular retrusion was digitized.The digital images were modified to obtain orthodontic compensatory treatment, genioplasty with different advancement ranges and orthognathic treatment comprising 6 profiles by Photoshop software,orthodontic professionals and non-professionals were chosen to score the pictures. Post hoc tests were done with ANONA and the Student Keuls method to analyze the data Using SPSS22.0 software package. RESULTS: The profile with the highest score was the picture treated by orthognathic and orthodontic treatment. The profile with genioplasty (advancement of 4 mm) took the second place. When the advancement distance of genioplasty was 8 mm, the score was under the score of orthodontic compensatory treatment profile. CONCLUSIONS: Orthognathic-orthodontic treatment of skeletal Class Ⅱ is still the best treatment option to improve facial aesthetics. Genioplasty, as a adjuvant treatment, improves the appearance based on compensatory orthodontic treatment to some extent, but not comparable to orthognathic-orthodontic treatment. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A clinical analysis of screw-retained implant-supported casted integrated abutment crowns in the molar region with limited interocclusal space CHEN Dong-lei, XU Jing-ming, WU Zi-qiang, WANG Qiao-na, WANG Pei, TANG Yi, TANG Chun-bo 2017, 26 (4):  419-424.  doi: 10.19438/j.sjos.2017.04.014 Abstract ( 228 )   PDF (3904KB) ( 410 )   To observe the clinical effects of screw-retained implant-supported casted abutment integrated crowns (IACs) in the molar region with limited interocclusal space. METHODS: This study involved 507 implants in 376 patients with limited interocclusal space in the molar region. All implants were inserted to the jaw by standard one-stage protocol. Screw-retained IACs were used as the final prosthesis. With 6 to 24 months follow-up, the clinical effects of screw-retained IACs were recorded and analyzed using SPSS 17.0 software package. RESULTS: During 6 to 24 months of follow-up, the implant survival rate was 99.61%. 37 patients had ceramic fracture which mainly happened in the group with 3-4 mm interocclusal space. In each group, porcelain fused to metal (PFM) prosthesis had ceramic fracture more easily than PFM prosthesis without porcelain on occlusal surface(P<0.05). As the interocclusal space became smaller, the probability of collapsing porcelain increased(P<0.05).13 patients had screw loosening. 13 patients suffered from gingival swelling and bleeding, they were given periodontal treatment and oral hygiene instruction. Patients were satisfied with the restoration results. CONCLUSIONS: Screw-retained IACs can be used to repair missing teeth in the molar region with limited interocclusal space. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Assessment of pulpotomy in cariously exposed permanent teeth DONG Yan, HU Shu-li, SUN Yuan-yuan, ZHANG Hong-yan 2017, 26 (4):  425-428.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2017.04.015 Abstract ( 466 )   PDF (2731KB) ( 504 )   To observe the clinical effect of pulpotomy for cariously exposed permanent teeth with closed apices and provide guidance for clinical application. METHODS: Sixty-two cariously exposed permanent teeth with closed apices and vital pulps were included. Preoperative pulpal and periapical diagnosis was established. The teeth were divided into two groups, the experimental group was treated with pulpotomy(32 cases), and the control group was treated with one-visit root canal therapy (one-visit RCT) (30 cases). Clinical and radiographic evaluation was completed at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months postoperatively. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 18.0 software package. RESULTS: After 1 year, the success rate of pulpotomy was 93.75%, and the success rate of root canal therapy was 93.10%. There was no significant difference between pulpotomy and root canal therapy( χ2=0.010,P=0.665). CONCLUSIONS: The advantages of pulpotomy are less invasive and less tooth destruction. It is a successful treatment option for cariously exposed pulps in mature permanent teeth. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of relative factors associated with postoperative infection of mandibular fractures HE Si-ling, XIAO Shui-sheng 2017, 26 (4):  429-433.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2017.04.016 Abstract ( 357 )   PDF (3314KB) ( 270 )   To explore risk factors associated with postoperative inflammatory complications(POIC) after rigid internal fixation of mandibular fractures. METHODS: A case-control study was designed and a sample of 447 patients treated with rigid internal fixation for mandibular fractures were selected from January 2009 to December 2015.26 patients developed POIC after treatment were categorized into the experimental group. Twenty-six cases with no complications were enrolled into the control group. Data were collected and bivariate and multiple logistic analyses were used to identify factors associated with POIC between the two groups by SAS9.2 software package. RESULTS: In multiple regression model, an increasing Mandibular Injury Severity Score (OR=2.509; 95%CI 1.083-5.814) and health condition below the baseline (OR=5.019; 95%CI 1.294-19.472) were significantly (P<0.05) associated with an increased risk for a POIC. However, in bivariate analyses, the use of antibiotics was associated with POIC (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative inflammatory complications are associated with the Mandibular Injury Severity and health condition of the patients. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand in keratocystic odontogenic tumor before and after decompression ZHANG Bo, YE Wen-cheng, LI Ying, ZHOU Xin-mu, MAO Wei-bo, ZHU Yi-ling 2017, 26 (4):  434-436.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2017.04.017 Abstract ( 250 )   PDF (2114KB) ( 183 )   To investigate the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) in keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT) before and after decompression. METHODS: Twenty two pairs of paraffin-embeded tissue specimens of KCOT were collected and subjected to immunohistochemical analysis of RANKL.The data were analyzed with SPSS17.0 software package for paired t test. RESULTS: RANKL positive cells were observed in the preoperative KCOT epithelium. The expression of RANKL was down-regulated after decompression(P<0.05).CONCLUSIONS: Decrease of RANKL expression after decompression may facilitate the lining epithelium of KCOT transforming to normal oral mucosal epithelium. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Survey of periodontal health in medical college students after 3 years of periodontal health maintenance GE Lin-hua, LIN Zhi-kai, GUO Qiu-man, NI Jing, QIAN Jie-lei, SHU Rong 2017, 26 (4):  437-440.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2017.04.018 Abstract ( 205 )   PDF (2585KB) ( 285 )   To observe and evaluate the status of periodontal disease in young people and the effect of intervention to control the development of periodontal diseases. METHODS: One hundred and fifty-three medical college students were randomly divided into group A (receiving interventions) and group B (no interventions). They were followed up for 3 years. The subjects in group A received oral health education, including selection of the toothbrush, the right way to brush teeth, the use of dental floss and interdental brush. At the same time ,they were given initial periodontal treatment according to the actual situation, and received oral health education, periodontal maintenance treatment, and reinforced plaque control every six months. The changes of debris index (DI), calculus index (CI), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP) and gingival index (GI) before and after interventions were compared. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS 6.12 software package. RESULTS: Three years later, CI and DI in group A declined significantly compared to the baseline (P< 0.01), but there was no significant changes in group B (P>0.05). There was significant difference in the changes of PD, BOP and GI between group A and B (P<0.01). Significant difference of the change of CAL between group A and B was also found(P<0.05), CAL in group B was significantly higher than that in group A. CONCLUSIONS: There are positive effects of regular periodontal health maintenance and oral health education on periodontal health. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Diagnostic value of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging for solid tumors affecting the base of tongue and glossopharynx ZHU Wen-jing, YU Qiang, WANG Ping-zhong, SHI Hui-min 2017, 26 (4):  441-446.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2017.04.019 Abstract ( 244 )   PDF (4461KB) ( 209 )   The objective of the present study was to evaluate the potential application value of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) to differentiate solid benign from malignant tumors affecting the base of tongue and glossopharynx. METHODS: Sixty-one patients who presented with solid tumors affecting the base of tongue and glossopharynx underwent conventional MRI and DW-MRI before pathologic verification. Based on pathologic findings, the tumors were classified into 4 groups: Group 1, solid benign tumor (n=10); Group 2, epithelial carcinoma (n=35); Group 3: non- epithelial malignant tumor (n=16); and Group 4: malignant tumor (n=51, a combination of Group 2 and 3). The mean apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) were computed from DW-MRI scans obtained with b factors of 0 and 1000 s/mm2. SAS 9.1 software package was used for Wilcoxon test. RESULTS: The mean ADCs were significantly different (P<0.05) between group 1 and the other 3 groups, and between group 2 and group 3, respectively. Among all kinds of pathological types of lesions, non-Hodgkin lymphoma had a lowest mean ADC value, and schwannoma had a highest mean ADC value. In addition, the mean ADCs among epithelial carcinoma subtypes were not significantly different(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: DW-MRI has differential diagnostic value of solid tumors affecting the base of tongue and glossopharynx, especially in distinguishing between benign solid tumors and malignant tumors, and between epithelial carcinomas and non-epithelial malignant tumors. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Eight-year clinical results of SLA surface implant for dentition defect REN Ming-ming, LIU Li-ping, LIU Zhong-hao 2017, 26 (4):  447-452.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2017.04.020 Abstract ( 364 )   PDF (4223KB) ( 350 )   To evaluate the clinical effect of titanium implants with SLA surface preparation for partial prostheses. METHODS: One hundred and ninety-one implants with SLA surface preparation were implanted in 130 patients with dentition defect who required dental repair at Yantai Stomatologic Hospital Implant Center. Successful rate of the implant, changes of soft and hard tissue around the implants as well as the stability of the superstructure were recorded and evaluated by regular clinical and X-ray examinations. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 17.0 software package. RESULTS: Twenty four patients with 31 implants were lost to follow up, one implant which loosened 1 week after operation was extracted. Four implants were found with peri-implantitis. The dropout rate, survival rate and successful rate was 18.46%, 99.38% and 96.88%, respectively. No obvious biological complications were observed in 155 successful implants during the observation period. Eight years later, the marginal bone resorption reached to (1.34±0.52) mm. After 8 years, a total of 25 implants had mechanical complications, including superstructure screw mobility, falling off of the crown, porcelain fracture of restorations, implant fracture and the prosthesis success rate was 83.87%. CONCLUSIONS: SLA surface implant can not only achieve good bone integration, but also long-time maintainanance of the soft tissue around the implant and implant superstructure at a healthy and stable state,the clinical effect is better than other dental implants. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical application of individualized three-dimensional printing implant template in multi-tooth dental implantation WANG lie, CHEN Zhi-yuan, LIU Rong, ZENG Hao 2017, 26 (4):  453-457.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2017.04.021 Abstract ( 396 )   PDF (3460KB) ( 392 )   To study the value and satisfaction of three-dimensional printing implant template and conventional implant template in multi-tooth dental implantation. METHODS: Thirty cases (83 teeth) with missing teeth needing to be implanted were randomly divided into conventional implant template group (CIT group, 15 cases, 42 teeth) and 3D printing implant template group (TDPIT group, 15 cases, 41 teeth). Patients in CIT group were operated by using conventional implant template, while patients in TDPIT group were operated by using three-dimensional printing implant template. The differences of implant neck and tip deviation, implant angle deviation and angle satisfaction between the two groups were compared. The difference of probing depth and bone resorption of implant were compared 1 year after operation between the two groups. The difference of success rate and satisfaction of dental implantation were compared 1 year after operation between the two groups. SPSS19.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The deviation direction of the neck and the tip in disto-mesial, bucco-palatal, vertical direction and angle of implants in disto-mesial and bucco-palatal direction in TDPIT group were significantly lower than in CIT group (P<0.05), and angle satisfaction of implants in disto-mesial and bucco-palatal direction in TDPIT group were significantly higher than in CIT group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the probing depth and bone resorption of implants 1 year after operation (P>0.05). The difference of the cumulative success rate in dental implantation at 3 months and 6 months between the two groups were not significant (P>0.05), but the cumulative success rate of TDPIT group was significantly higher than CIT group at 9 months and 1 year (90.48% vs 100%, χ2=4.102, P=0.043). The patients' satisfaction rate of dental implantation in TDPIT group was significantly higher than in CIT group (86.67% vs 53.33%, χ2=3.968, P=0.046). CONCLUSIONS: Using three-dimensional printing implant template can obtain better accuracy of implant, higher implant success rate and better patients' satisfaction than using conventional implant template. It is suitable for clinical application. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study of angle between maxillary incisor and alveolar bone using cone-beam CT DONG Zheng-jie, XU Kan 2017, 26 (4):  458-460.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2017.04.022 Abstract ( 495 )   PDF (2038KB) ( 279 )   To measure the angle between maxillary incisor and alveolar bone by the use of cone-beam CT (CBCT), in order to assess preoperative risks and provide guidance in anterior dental implantation. METHODS: A total of 374 patients were included and divided into 3 age groups: group 1 (18-34 years), group 2 (35-59 years) and group 3(above 60 years). All patients underwent CBCT preoperatively, the angle between maxillary incisor and alveolar bone was measured though Kavo eXam Vision software. The data were analyzed with SPSS16.0 software package for Student′s t test. RESULTS: In group 1, 2 and 3, the angle between maxillary incisor and alveolar bone was (13.81±4.37)°, In group 2, the ankle between maxillary incisor and alveolar bone was (15.19±5.23)°, (18.51±6.62)°, respectively; there was no significant difference between male and female in each group, but there was significant difference between every 2 age groups in the angle between maxillary incisor and alveolar bone. CONCLUSIONS: The angle between maxillary incisor and alveolar bone is increasing with the increase of age, but no significant difference between male and female is detected. For patients with dental implantation in anterior area, CBCT should be taken to measure the angle between maxillary incisor and alveolar bone for aesthetic assessment, especially for old patients. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of factors affecting soft tissue infection after oral and maxillofacial debridement WANG Liu-hong, YANG Zheng, YANG Hui, LOU Xin-tian, WANG Yi-lin, QI Xiang-qun 2017, 26 (4):  461-464.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2017.04.023 Abstract ( 330 )   PDF (2659KB) ( 354 )   To explore the factors affecting soft tissue infection after oral and maxillofacial debridement. METHODS: Fifty hundred patients with debridement were enrolled in this study from January 2013 to June 2016. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to soft tissue infection, 18 cases in infection group and 482 cases in non-infection group. Age, mean time to surgery, average length of stay, duration of antibiotics use, abbreviated injury scale (AIS), combined injuries, maxillofacial fractures, soft tissue injury, type of fracture, and history of diabetes were recorded and analyzed using SPSS 19.0 software package. RESULTS: The factors influencing soft tissue infection after oral and maxillofacial surgery were the aged, longer hospital stay, longer operation time, longer antibiotics use time, higher AIS score, Jaw bone injury and diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: The factors influencing soft tissue infection after oral and maxillofacial debridement are various. The aged, longer operation time, higher AIS score, jaw bone involvement lip and chin injury as well as diabetes might be the independent factors. Health care providers should give preventive measures to reduce the incidence of infection, according to specific factors. References | Related Articles | Metrics