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25 February 2022, Volume 31 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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CONTENTS 2022, 31 (1):  0-0.  Abstract ( 54 )   PDF (748KB) ( 44 )   Related Articles | Metrics

Original Articles

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Experimental investigation of vincristine on chemosensitivity through Stathmin regulation in oral squamous cell carcinoma TAN Yi-ran, ZHAO Tong-chao, JU Wu-tong, ZHONG Lai-ping 2022, 31 (1):  1-5.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2022.01.001 Abstract ( 276 )   PDF (1004KB) ( 163 )   PURPOSE: Our previous studies have found that Stathmin, a microtubule depolymerizing protein, is a potential biomarker to guide locally advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) induction chemotherapy. This study further explored the regulatory effect of vincristine on Stathmin and its potention as an alternative chemotherapy drug. METHODS: Stathmin overexpressed and knockdown stable cell lines were constructed. Cell proliferation, q-PCR, Western blot, subcutaneous xenograft and other experimental methods were used to value the regulatory effect of vincristine on Stathmin. The differences were statistically analyzed with SPSS 23.0 software package. RESULTS: Vincristine inhibited the expression of Stathmin in OSCC cell lines. The sensitivity to vincristine was increased in Stathmin overexpressed OSCC cell lines. Vincristine had potent anti-tumor effect for OSCC cell line xenografts with higher Stathmin expression. CONCLUSIONS: Vincristine is a potential alternative chemotherapeutic agent for OSCC with higher Stathmin expression. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the influence of passive ultrasonic irrigation on debris cleaning ability and root canal shape PRIYA Vishnu, SHAO Jiao-jiao, FENG Fei, ZHANG Qi 2022, 31 (1):  6-11.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2022.01.002 Abstract ( 243 )   PDF (978KB) ( 204 )   PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of passive ultrasonic irrigation(PUI) in curved root canals, and debris cleaning ability and the amount of root canal transportation of passive ultrasonic irrigation(PUI) in curved root canals. METHODS: A total of 36 mesially curved root canals of mandibular molars with a curvature above 25° were selected. The root canals were prepared with XP-endo Shaper root canal file. The samples were divided into A1 group (curved length>3 mm, syringe irrigation), B1 group(curved length>3 mm, PUI+K file), C1 group(curved length>3 mm, PUI+irrisafe), A2 group (curved length<3 mm, syringe irrigation), B2 group (curved length<3 mm, PUI+K file), and C2 group (curved length<3 mm, PUI+ irrisafe) (n=6). Micro-CT scans were performed on all samples before and after irrigation, and the volume increase in the root canal after irrigation and the transportation of the root canal were calculated. SPSS 22.0 software package was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: In the apical area of the root canal with a curved length greater than 3 mm, the root canal volume increase in the PUI+irrisafe group was significantly greater than that of the PUI+K file and syringe irrigation (P<0.05), and at 5 mm section, the transportation of the root canal formed by PUI+irrisafe was significantly lower than that of the PUI+K file (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference from syringe irrigation (P>0.05); in root canals with a curved length less than 3 mm, root canal volume increment of the file group was significantly greater than that of syringe irrigation (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the root canal transportation and syringe irrigation(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In root canals with larger curved length, passive ultrasonic irrigation combined with a pre-curved file can obtain a better cleaning effect, while in root canals with smaller curved length, both K file and pre-curved file with passive ultrasonic irrigation are safe and effective. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Mechanism of microRNA-100-5p on mammalian target of rapamycin in temporomandibular arthritis WAN Zhi-qun, ZHOU Zheng-gen, WANG Jing, ZHOU Qun 2022, 31 (1):  12-16.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2022.01.003 Abstract ( 162 )   PDF (742KB) ( 148 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the mechanism of microRNA-100-5p (miR-100-5p) on mammalian target (mTOR) of rapamycin in temporomandibular arthritis. METHODS: Sixty SD rats were randomly divided into group A, group B, group C, group D, and group E, with 12 rats in each group. Rat models of temporomandibular arthritis were prepared by injecting sodium iodoacetate solution into the bilateral spaces of temporomandibular joint. After establishment, group C was injected pcDNA3.1-miR-100-5p recombinant plasmid, group D was injected mTOR inhibitor rapamycin, group E was injected with pcDNA3.1-miR-100-5p recombinant plasmid and rapamycin, and group A was injected same amount of normal saline in the same way. Various indexes were observed in each group, including morphological changes of temporomandibular joint tissues, matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3), MMP-1, MMP-13, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), miR-100-5p, mTOR expression. The data were processed using SPSS 22.0 software package. RESULTS: In group B, the structure of temporomandibular joint was fuzzy, with synovial hyperplasia, vascular dilatation, clustered cells and a large amount of inflammatory infiltration. Histopathological changes of temporomandibular joint in each interventional group were improved to different degrees compared with group B, among which group E showed the most obvious improvement. The levels of MMP-3, MMP-1, MMP-13, IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α in group B were significantly higher than those in group A(P<0.05). The levels of MMP-3, MMP-1, MMP-13, IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α in group C, group D and group E were significantly lower than those in group B(P<0.05). The levels of MMP-3, MMP-1, MMP-13, IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α in group D were not significantly different from those in group C (P<0.05). The levels of MMP-3, MMP-1, MMP-13, IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α in group E were significantly lower than those in group D (P<0.05). The expression level of miR-100-5p in group E was significantly higher than that in group B (P<0.05). The expression level of mTOR protein in group E was significantly lower than that in group B (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: MicroRNA-100-5p may alleviate temporomandibular arthritis by down-regulating the expression of mTOR. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of three root canal disinfection methods for removal of Enterococcus faecalis under minimally invasive root canal treatment SHAN Xiao-yang, SUN Li-qing, WANG Yue-yue, YANG Nan, SUN Hui-bin 2022, 31 (1):  17-23.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2022.01.004 Abstract ( 287 )   PDF (1490KB) ( 163 )   PURPOSE: To obtain an efficient and simple root canal disinfection method based on minimally invasive root canal treatment by comparing different root canal disinfection methods between minimally invasive root canal treatment and conventional root canal treatment. METHODS: Sixty-six extracted maxillary first molars were randomly divided into experimental group (computer-guided precision minimally invasive root canal treatment) and control group (conventional root canal treatment). All teeth were prepared to ProTaper universal F2, and Enterococcus faecalis infection models were established.Each group was randomly divided into three subgroups, sodium hypochlorite+EDTA root canal irrigation, sodium hypochlorite+EDTA+ultrasonic and sodium hypochlorite +EDTA +Er: YAG laser. After root canal disinfection,the samples were collected by paper tip method and cultured, and colony forming units (CFU) values of each sample were calculated. Then dentin debris was prepared and collected with F3 file. After being diluted and cultured, the CFU value was calculated. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 26.0 software package. RESULTS: Comparison of the amount of bacterial inner wall of root canal between the experimental group and the control group showed that the germicidal efficacy of group C and group B were significantly better than that of group A (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between group B and group C(P>0.05). In the experimental group, there was significant difference between group B1, C1 and A1 (P<0.05). The results of group B1 and C1 were lower than that of group A1, but there was no significant difference between group B1 and group C1(P>0.05). In the control group, there were significant differences between group B2, C2 and A2 (P<0.05). The results of group B2 and C2 were lower than that of group A2, but there was no significant difference between group B2 and C2(P>0.05). Comparison of the amount of bacteria in dentin debris between the experimental group and the control group showed that the effect of group C was the best, followed by group B, and group A, and there were significant differences between three groups(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The disinfection effect of Er:YAG laser or ultrasound assisted computer-guided precision minimally invasive root canal treatment is similar to conventional root canal treatment, and Er:YAG laser is better than ultrasound in removing bacteria from dentinal tubules, which is more suitable for minimally invasive root canal treatment. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of strontium ranelate on chondrogenic differentiation of rat bone mesenchymal stem cells YU Hao, LIU Yan, YANG Xiang-wen, ZHANG Fan, HE Jia-jing, ZHONG Qun, GUO Xiao-jing 2022, 31 (1):  24-28.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2022.01.005 Abstract ( 214 )   PDF (1005KB) ( 140 )   PURPOSE: The aim of present study was to explore the effect of strontium ranelate (SrR) on the proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation of rat bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). METHODS: Rat BMSCs were isolated and cultured in chondrogenic differentiation medium containing 0.25-2.0 mmol/L strontium ranelate. CCK-8 assay was used to study the influence of cell proliferation. Toluidine blue staining and alizarin blue staining were used to observe chondrogenic differentiation. Quantitative hydroxyproline (Hyp) activity assay was conducted. PCR and Western blots were used to detect the expression of related genes and proteins. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 22.0 software package. RESULTS: 0.25 mmol/L strontium ranelate did not inhibit the proliferation of BMSCs and promote the expression of chondroitin sulfate and proteoglycan. Hyp assay showed a higher content of collagen fibers in extracellular matrix in 0.25 mmol/L SrR treatment group. PCR and WB also showed up-regulated expression of Sox-9, Col-Ⅱ gene and protein, Aggrecan protein, and suppressed expression of MMP-9 gene. CONCLUSIONS: 0.25 mmol/L SrR could significantly promote chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the bending strength of cast porcelain material of different linker sizes LOU Li-jun, YU Wei-qiang, WENG Wei-min 2022, 31 (1):  29-31.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2022.01.006 Abstract ( 195 )   PDF (463KB) ( 123 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the relationship between size of different connectors and bending strength of cast porcelain materials. METHODS: The samples were divided into 5 groups according to the area of all-porcelain materials and simulated connector. In group A, simulated connector with cast porcelain material with a cross-section of 2 mm×3 mm was selected; In group B, simulated connector with cast porcelain material with a cross-section of 2 mm×4 mm was selected; In group C, simulated connector with cast porcelain material with a cross-section of 3 mm×3 mm was selected; In group D, simulated connector with cast porcelain material with a cross-section of 3 mm×4 mm was selected; In group E, simulated connector with zirconium oxide material with a cross-section of 2 mm×3 mm was selected. The fracture load was tested using classical three-point bending experiment, statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 18.0 software package. RESULTS: For lithium disilicate cast porcelain, the fracture load increased with increasing cross section area, but both below the shear zirconia fracture load with a cross section of 2 mm×3 mm(P<0.05).The increase in width increased the fracture load of porcelain samples compared to the length. CONCLUSIONS: It is suitable to increase linker area when cast porcelain is applied to single-end bridge, which is especially achieved by increasing the width at the linker. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Artesunate inhibited human tongue squamous cell carcinoma CAL27 cells in vitro via STAT3 signaling pathway LI Meng, SUN Jin-hu, MENG Jian 2022, 31 (1):  32-37.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2022.01.007 Abstract ( 238 )   PDF (1048KB) ( 126 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the anticancer effect of artesunate(ART) on human tongue squamous cell carcinoma (CAL27) cells and its possible mechanism. METHODS: CAL27 cells was pretreated with different doses of ART. Then, CCK-8 and colony forming methods were used for cell viability analysis, cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry, and cell migration and invasion capacity were determined by scratch test and Transwell chamber method. In addition, the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA was measured by qPCR, and Western blot was used to detect the expression of MMP-9 and VEGF and activation of STAT3 signal in CAL27 cells treated with ART at various concentrations. SPSS 19.0 software package was used for statistical analysis of the data. RESULTS: Artesunate significantly inhibited proliferation(P<0.01), invasion(P<0.01)and migration(P<0.01) of CAL27 cells,and induced apoptosis of CAL27 cells (P<0.01) in a dose-dependent manner. ART not only significantly reduced the expression of MMP-9 and VEGF mRNA in CAL27 cells in a dose-dependent manner(P<0.05), but also inhibited the protein expression of p-STAT3, MMP-9 and VEGF. CONCLUSIONS: Artesunate can inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of CAL27 cells, which may exert antitumor effects by inhibiting the STAT3 signaling pathway. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of rat allogeneic BMSCs-Bio-Oss-bFGF compound on tooth extraction healing: a micro-CT study JIANG Yin-hua, SHANG Yu, ZOU Duo-hong, CHEN Lu, FEI Chen-yan, LIANG Kai 2022, 31 (1):  38-43.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2022.01.008 Abstract ( 241 )   PDF (824KB) ( 149 )   PRUPOSE: To investigate the effect of a compound of BMSCs-Bio-Oss-bFGF on microstructure of extraction sockets in rats. METHODS: Bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were isolated from bone marrow of 3-week SD rats by adherent method. Maxillary posterior teeth of 36 6-week SD rats were extracted and materials were implanted into sockets according to grouping. The rats were divided into 4 groups: compound group with implanting BMSCs-Bio-Oss-bFGF compound, powder group with implanting Bio-Oss, BMSCs group with implanting BMSCs, and control group without implanting any materials. The sockets were scanned by micro-CT 4 weeks, 12 weeks and 24 weeks after implantation. Two-way ANOVA was used to assess whether there was significant difference between groups with GraphPad Prism 6.0 software package. RESULTS: There was no significant difference among groups in bone mineral density (BMD), trabecular separation(Tb.Sp), trabecular thickness(Tb.Th), degree of anisotropy(DA), and trabecular number(Tb.N) 4 weeks after implantation. By 12 weeks, BMD of compound group was significantly greater than those of BMSCs group, powder group and control group (P<0.05), and significantly greater than those of powder group and control group at 24 weeks (P<0.05). Tb.Th of compound group was significantly greater than that of BMSCs group at 12 and 24 weeks(P<0.05). DA had no significant difference among groups at 4, 12, and 24 weeks (P>0.05). Tb.Sp of compound group was significantly smaller than those of powder group, BMSCs group and control group at 24 weeks(P<0.05). Tb.N of compound group was significantly greater than those of BMSCs group and control group(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The compound of rat allogeneic BMSCs-Bio-Oss-bFGF improves socket healing. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of shaping ability of 4 nickel-titanium rotary instruments in preparation of curved root canals JIANG Hui-chao, TANG Ling-ling, HAN Wen-li 2022, 31 (1):  44-47.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2022.01.009 Abstract ( 254 )   PDF (555KB) ( 149 )   PRUPOSE: To compare the shaping ability of 4 nickel-titanium rotary instruments in preparation of curved root canals. METHODS: Forty extracted human maxillary first or second molars with mesiobuccal root canal curvature ranging from 20°-40° were selected. The teeth were randomly equally divided into 4 groups(n=10). Mesial root canals were separately prepared using Protaper Universal, Protaper Next, TF, and S3 nickel-titanium instruments. A series of preoperative and postoperative images were taken by Micro-CT. Mimics 17.0 software was used to analyze the following parameters: canal transportation, centering ratio values, root canal volume, volume of removed dentin, and canal/root width ratio. Data analysis was performed by using SPSS 20.0 software package. RESULTS: In terms of canal transportation after preparation at 1, 3 and 5 mm from the apex, Protaper Universal was more than the other three groups(P<0.05). The centering ratio value of Protaper Universal was significantly smaller than that of the other three groups at 1 mm from the apex(P<0.05). The amount of dentin removal was significantly different after instrumentation with the four test systems(P<0.05). Protaper Universal had the highest mean volume of removed dentin. After preparation, all root canals had a diameter that was not larger than 39% of the root diameter at the coronal and middle segments. CONCLUSIONS: Under the conditions of this study, Protaper Next, TF, S3 systems seem to be better choices than Protaper Universal system in preparing curved root canals. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of carboidiimide with different bonding techniques on the property of dentin bonding CHEN Yue, YAN Guo-wei, ZHENG Yue-mei, ZHOU Kai-xuan, XIE Cui-liu 2022, 31 (1):  48-53.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2022.01.010 Abstract ( 230 )   PDF (905KB) ( 136 )   PURPOSE: To explore the effects of carbodiimide combined with different bonding techniques on the property of dentin bonding. METHODS: 64 third molars in vitro were randomly divided into 8 groups(n=8), including EWB and EWBa (no pretreatment+ethanol-wet bonding), E-EWB and E-EWBa (0.5 mol/L EDC+ethanol-wet bonding), E-WB and E-WBa (0.5 mol/L EDC+water-wet bonding), E-DB and E-Dba (0.5 mol/L EDC+dry bonding). Group EWB, E-EWB, E-WB and E-DB were immediate groups, while group EWBa, E-EWBa, E-WBa and E-DBa were aging groups. Six specimens in each group were randomly chosen to test shear bonding strength and then observe failure patterns. The remaining specimens were used to observe bonding interface under SEM. SPSS 20.0 software package was used for statistical analysis of the data. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in shear bonding strength between group EWB and E-EWB, group E-EWB and E-WB(P>0.05), while shear bounding strength in group E-EWB and E-WB were significantly greater than group E-DB(P<0.05). The shear bonding strength of group E-EWBa was significantly greater than group EWBa (P<0.05). The shear bonding strength of group E-EWBa, E-WBa and E-DBa was gradually decreased, and their differences were significant (P<0.05). The factors of EDC, bonding techniques and aging played a significant role in shear bonding strength (P<0.05). Interactions between EDC and aging was significant (P<0.05), and that between bonding techniques and aging was also significant (P<0.05). The main failure modes of the water-wet bonding and the ethanol-wet bonding were resin failure, adhesive interface failure and mixed failure. The main failure of dry bonding was adhesive interface failure. The thickest and densest hybrid layer were found in group E-EWB. Some tiny cracks were presented between the hybrid layer and adhesives layer in group EWBa and E-EWBa. Partially uneven cracks existed in the hybrid layer in group E-WBa, and that was more obvious in group E-DBa. CONCLUSIONS: EDC pretreatment combined with ethanol-wet adhesive technique acquires the optimal shear bonding strength and the durability of dentin bonding. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of material preparation, anti-bacterial activity of Porphyromonas gingivalis and cell bioassays of TiO2-PEEK-CRGDS XU Xin-yi, ZHANG Ying-lian 2022, 31 (1):  54-57.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2022.01.011 Abstract ( 174 )   PDF (800KB) ( 103 )   PURPOSE: To modify polyetheretherketone(PEEK) composite material with nanometer titanium dioxide (TiO2) and CRGDS peptide to prepare TiO2-PEEK-CRGDS, and evaluate its anti- activity of Porphyromonas gingivalis and effect on cell activity. METHODS: TiO2-PEEK was prepared by plasma immersion ion implantation(PⅢ), then immersed into gelatin solution of pentapeptides of CRGDS, and freeze-dried. The same diameter and thickness of PEEK was set as control. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to observe the three-dimensional topography and roughness on the surface of the specimen, colony count was calculated to evaluate the survival of Porphyromonas gingivalis, living/dead cell count was used to detect the activity of human gingival fibroblasts(HGFs), CCK-8 assay was used to detect the proliferation ability of HGFs. The quantitative data was indicated as and analyzed by using GraphPad Prism 7.0 software package. RESULTS: The antibacterial rates of PEEK, TiO2-PEEK and TiO2-PEEK-CRGDS were 40.3%, 57.2% and 60.3%, respectively. At 12 days, the ability of TiO2-PEEK-CRGDS to promote the growth of human gingival fibroblasts was significantly different from that of the TiO2-PEEK and PEEK group(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The optimized TiO2-PEEK-CRGDS has better hydrophilicity than pure titanium and PEEK, and can significantly promote the proliferation of gingival fibroblasts. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of titanium nitride coatings with different thickness on microhardness and cutting efficiency of nickel-titanium instruments LIU Dan, YU Jing-tao, QIU Li-hong 2022, 31 (1):  58-61.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2022.01.012 Abstract ( 385 )   PDF (710KB) ( 131 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of titanium nitride (TiN) coatings with different thicknesses on microhardness and cutting efficiency of nickel-titanium (NiTi) instruments, and to provide a basis for improving the efficiency of clinical root canal preparation. METHODS: Fifteen KV4 NiTi alloy sheets and sixty KV4 rotary NiTi files were selected and randomly divided into 5 groups: uncoated group, coating 1 h group, coating 2 h group, coating 3 h group and coating 4 h group. A layer of TiN coatings of different thicknesses was prepared on the surface of the coated groups by controlling the deposition time. The film thickness of each group was measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The microhardness of each group of NiTi alloy sheets was measured by a Vickers hardness tester. Sixty transparent resin modules were selected and each resin module was prepared with one NiTi file. The cutting efficiency of each group was measured by the weight loss method. SEM was used to examine the surface of NiTi instruments in 5 groups before and after preparation. One-way variance analysis was used to determine the statistical differences with SPSS 22.0 software package. RESULTS: With the increase of the thickness of titanium nitride coating, the microhardness of NiTi alloy gradually increased(P<0.05). With the increase of the thickness of titanium nitride coating, the cutting efficiency of NiTi instrument was improved, and the cutting efficiency was the largest when the coating thickness was 860 nm(P<0.05). The surface morphology of the coated group was better than that of the uncoated group. CONCLUSIONS: The thickness of TiN coating affects microhardness and cutting efficiency of the nickel-titanium instruments, the microhardness and cutting ability enhanced as the thickness increased. If the thickness is too large, the cutting efficiency will be reduced. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preliminary study on the effect of combined invisible orthodontic and orthognathic treatment in 24 skeletal Class Ⅲ patients with facial asymmetry NIE Ping, JIANG Ning, DING Qin-feng, ZHANG Lei, CAI Ming, ZHU Min, WANG Xu-dong 2022, 31 (1):  62-66.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2022.01.013 Abstract ( 307 )   PDF (1504KB) ( 171 )   PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical effect of combined orthodontic and orthognathic treatment with invisible aligner technique without brackets in skeletal Class Ⅲ patients with facial asymmetry. METHODS: A total of 24 skeletal Class Ⅲ patients with facial asymmetry treated with combined orthodontic and orthognathic treatment during the past 4 years were reviewed. Patients in the experimental group(n=12) were treated with invisible aligner technique without brackets, while patients in the control group(n=12) were treated with traditional fixed orthodontic technique for pre- and post-operative orthodontic treatment respectively. The cephalometric parameters and satisfaction questionnaire scores of the two groups before and after treatment were compared and analyzed with SPSS 20.0 software package for t test and Wilcoxon rank sum test, respectively. RESULTS: After treatment, the cephalometric parameters of SNA, SNB, ANB, U1-SN and L1-MP values were changed significantly(P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the values of experimental group and the control group(P>0.05). The scores of aesthetics, comfort, portability, masticatory and speech function in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05). The satisfaction scores of the two groups were both 8.8±0.5(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Skeletal Class Ⅲ patients with facial asymmetry could obtain good clinical effect by using invisible aligner technique. The patients were satisfied with the aesthetics, comfort and the effect of combined invisible orthodontic and orthognathic treatment. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical and cone-beam CT analysis of 368 patients with temporomandibular joint disc perforation in different age groups LIU Huan-huan, CAI Heng-xing, WU Ye 2022, 31 (1):  67-70.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2022.01.014 Abstract ( 539 )   PDF (544KB) ( 122 )   PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of disc perforation (DP) of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) at different ages. METHODS: Patients with TMJ disc perforation admitted to the Department of Trauma and Temporomandibular Joint Surgery Stomatological Hospital of Wuhan University, from April 2012 to May 2021 were included in this study. They were divided into 6 groups according to different ages. Clinical and CBCT radiographic features were analyzed. Clinical features included maximal interincisal opening, pain, clicking,and occlusal changes. Imaging features included condylar absorption flattening, hyperplasia or osteophyte formation, sclerosis, subchondral cysts, depression defects, and blurred anterior slope. The clinical and imaging characteristics of patients in different age groups were statistically analyzed. SPSS 26.0 software was used for statistical analysis, and Chi-square test was used to compare the distribution of clinical symptoms and imaging features in patients of different ages. RESULTS: A total of 368 patients were collected, including 24 males, with an average age of 27.63±15.90 years. There were 344 females with an average age of 32.61±15.61 years. The incidence of pain was 21.31%, occlusal change was 50.82%, and condylar absorption flat was 50.82% in the 10-19 age group. The incidence of pain in 20-29 age group was 31.06%, occlusal change was 53.42%, and condylar absorption flattening was 45.34%. In 50-59 age group, the incidence of pain was 83.33%, occlusal changes were 2.38%, and hyperplasia or osteophyte formation was 47.62%. In age group ≥60 years old, the incidence of pain was 82.86%, occlusal changes were 2.86%, and hyperplasia or osteophyte formation was 60%. CONCLUSIONS: In terms of clinical features, patients under 40 years old are more likely to have occlusal changes, while patients over 40 years old are most likely to have joint pain. Radiographically, patients under 40 years old are mainly characterized by bone loss in the condyle, while patients over 40 years old are mainly characterized by condylar hyperplasia. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Treatment of maxillary ameloblastoma with different modalities: a retrospective analysis of 92 cases LUO Hao, YUAN Zhuang, WU Kai-liu, HE Jie, MENG Jian 2022, 31 (1):  71-74.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2022.01.015 Abstract ( 767 )   PDF (860KB) ( 207 )   PURPOSE: To explore the appropriate surgical approach for each type of maxillary ameloblastoma. METHODS: The clinical data of 92 patients with maxillary ameloblastoma were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were pathologically diagnosed, followed up for 3-8 years after surgery, maxillofacial CT and panoramic images were taken regularly to observe the surgical outcomes. SPSS 22.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: The proportion of maxillary ameloblastoma in male and female patients was 3 to 1,with more male patients and the mean age was 45.77 years old. The total recurrence rate of 92 patients was 21.74%, among which unicystic ameloblastoma had no recurrence after different surgical procedures. Among 38 patients with typical maxillary ameloblastoma, 14 underwent curettage, 3 underwent decompression,16 underwent extended resection, 3 underwent subtotal maxillary resection, 1 underwent iliac bone transplantation after subtotal maxillary resection, and 1 underwent reconstruction with anterolateral thigh flap after subtotal maxillary resection. Among them, 18 had recurrence and 5 had canceration. Three patients with extrasseous/peripheral type underwent expanded resection and two underwent curettage,none of them had recurrence. One patient with metastasizing ameloblastoma recurred after extended resection. CONCLUSIONS: Maxillary ameloblastoma with unicystic type should be completely removed with minimal trauma. The recurrence rate of maxillary ameloblastoma via simple curettage or extended resection is still relatively high, which may be due to the large tumor involvement scope of these patients and the failure of complete tumor removal by curettage. For external/peripheral ameloblastoma and metastatic ameloblastoma, the involved jaw bone should be removed as much as possible to prevent recurrence. For malignant transformation of ameloblastoma, the tumor and jaw bone should be dissected during the operation to reduce recurrence rate. The primary site, cervical lymph nodes and lungs should be closely followed after operation to detect early metastasis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Relationship between dental implant mucosa and dental implant papilla levels and peri-implant soft tissue stability SHI Jun, GUAN Zhen-qun, WANG Xun-xia 2022, 31 (1):  75-78.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2022.01.016 Abstract ( 205 )   PDF (966KB) ( 144 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the relationship between dental implant mucosa (DIM) and dental implant papilla (DIP) levels and peri-implant soft tissue stability. METHODS: A total of 86 patients with tooth implant in Qingdao Haici Hospital from January 2015 to January 2019 were enrolled, the patients were followed up from initial treatment till December 2020. Various indexes were recorded at the implantation moment(T0), 4 weeks(T1), 2 years(T2) after implantation and end of follow up (T3), including marginal bone loss levels (MBLs), mid-buccal mucosal levels (MBMLs), modified sulcus bleeding index(mSBI), modified bleeding index(mBI) and implant stability quotient (ISQ). Then the correlation of those indexes was analyzed. SPSS 23.0 software package was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: The follow-up period was 1.0-5.2 years, with an average of (4.79±0.34) years; two cases were lost to follow up, and finally 84 cases (95 implants) were included. Compared with indexes at T0, mSBI, mPLI, mBI, the level of distal bone adjacent to the tooth contact point, and the middle bone level adjacent to the tooth contact point at T1, T2, and T3 decreased significantly(P<0.05), and DIP height increased significantly; PD, MBLs and MBMLs at T0, T1, T2, and T3 showed no significant difference(P>0.05). The level of distal bone adjacent to the tooth contact point, and the middle bone level adjacent to the tooth contact point had an impact on DIP(P<0.05). There were 49 cases with papillae gain in height and 46 cases with papilla that lost height. ISQ of gain height group and loss height group was relatively high at T0(P<0.05). Compared with T2, there was a decrease in ISQ in both groups at T1(P<0.05). ISQ of gain height group was significantly higher than that of loss height group at T1 and T2 (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: There is a dependent correction between dental implant mucosa and dental implant papilla levels, and the stability of peri-implant soft tissues depends on keratinized tissue height and DIP height. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Human resources of community oral public health service and job satisfaction of the staff in Shanghai JIANG Yi-wei, ZHANG Hao, ZENG Xiao-li, DA Dong-xin, YU Jin, WANG Hu-ning, WANG Yan, ZHANG Ying 2022, 31 (1):  79-83.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2022.01.017 Abstract ( 225 )   PDF (577KB) ( 151 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the human resources of oral public health system and staff's job satisfaction in Shanghai, and to provide basis for improving the services of oral public health. METHODS: A census was performed among 246 health service centers in Shanghai from February to March 2019, and a questionnaire on oral public health staff's basic information of and job satisfaction was conducted. SPSS 20.0 software package was used for statistical analysis of job satisfaction and basic situation of employees. RESULTS: There were 759 community oral health service personnel in Shanghai, mainly composed of dentists (34.0%), public health physicians (21.96%), nurses (31.6%), and 24 general practitioners(3.2%) were also found. The profile of the staff was mainly 30-49 years old (69.8%), with bachelor degree (66.7%) and primary and intermediate professional titles (91.7%). Only 14.8% of them spend more than 24 hours in oral public health work every week. Community oral health workers had higher satisfaction with their superiors and colleagues, and lower satisfaction with their work income. Age, levels of professional title and years of oral health service were negatively correlated with job satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: It is necessary to build a proper human resource system of community oral public health and improve the treatment of the staff, in order to promote the oral public health services in Shanghai. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical effect and related influencing factors of implant and implant-natural tooth in dental restoration DUAN Yong-hua, YU Min, PAN Liang, LIN Hua-jun, GUO Mei-ling 2022, 31 (1):  84-88.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2022.01.018 Abstract ( 317 )   PDF (576KB) ( 143 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical effect and related influencing factors of implant and implant-natural tooth in dental restoration. METHODS: A total of 67 edentulous patients receiving dental implantation in Shangrao People's Hospital from May 2016 to June 2017 were enrolled, including 34 cases of implant-natural tooth supported restoration (combined group) and 33 cases of implant restoration (single group). During the 3-year follow-up, the repair effect and bone resorption of the two groups were evaluated. The general data of patients were collected, then the influencing factors of implant failure were screened. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20.0 software package. RESULTS: The success rate of dental restoration was 93.65% in combined group, and 95.08% in simple implant group, with no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). The bone resorption of the alveolar ridge in combined group was significantly higher than that in simple implant group 1 and half years after operation (P<0.05). The proportion of female, maxillary posterior area, dental pulp disease, grade IV bone mineral density loss, diabetes mellitus, smoking history, implant diameter>4.5 mm, length>12 mm, periodontal probe depth>3 mm, and sulcus bleeding index≥2 were significantly higher in implant failure group than in implant success group (P<0.05). Bone mineral density loss, diabetes mellitus, smoking history, sulcus bleeding index≥2 and periodontal probe depth>3 mm were the risk factors of implant failure(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Both implant and implant-natural tooth are effective in dental restoration, and implant-natural tooth restoration has good short-term efficacy, while bone mineral density loss, diabetes mellitus, smoking history, sulcus bleeding index≥2 and periodontal probe depth>3mm are the risk factors of implant failure. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of the accuracy for evaluating cervical vertebral bone age and dental age of children in Shanghai WANG Miao-chen, SHEN Shi-hui, BAI Xue-bing, TAO Jiang 2022, 31 (1):  89-95.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2022.01.019 Abstract ( 534 )   PDF (921KB) ( 145 )   PURPOSE: To compare the applicability and validity of dental age (DA) estimated by Willems method and cervical vertebral bone age (CVBA) evaluated by regression formula in estimating the chronological age of children in Shanghai. METHODS: Panoramic radiographs and lateral cephalograms were retrospectively collected from 320 subjects (160 males, 160 females), totaling 640 images. Discrepancies between chronological and estimated ages were statistically calculated by paired samples t test or Wilcoxon signed rank test using SPSS 25.0 software package. The accuracy of the two methods was comprehensively evaluated by comparing their standard deviation, mean absolute error (MAE) and the correct rate of acceptable range of estimated age error. RESULTS: The mean DA underestimated CA by 0.75±1.03 years for males and by 1.05±1.18 years for females; whereas the mean CVBA underestimated CA by 0.78±1.40 years for males and 0.53±1.31 years for females. MAE of Willems method was 1.15 years and the MAE of regression formula of CVBA was 1.20 years. The correct rate of clinically acceptable error of 0.5 years was 26.25% for Willems method and 27.19% for regression formula of CVBA. CONCLUSIONS: Willems method is more accurate than regression formula in indicating cervical vertebral skeletal age of adolescents in Shanghai children. Because of significant differences between CA and estimated ages, further modifications are urged to improve the accuracy of these two methods. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of the effect of Insignia system in customized orthodontic treatment LIU Fan, LIU Lin, WANG Yan-hong 2022, 31 (1):  96-99.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2022.01.020 Abstract ( 359 )   PDF (484KB) ( 265 )   PORPOSE: To investigate the effect of Insignia system in customized orthodontic treatment. METHODS: A total of 71 patients with malocclusion undergoing orthodontic treatment in Dalian Stomatological Hospital from March 2018 to August 2019 were enrolled, and divided into two groups according to random number table methods. Patients in non-customized group received Damon Q self-locking brackets, while patients in customized group received individualized brackets combined with Insignia appliance. The patients were revisited every 8 weeks in initial phase and thereafter every 6 weeks. The clinical efficacy, number of visits, time required for treatment planning and treatment duration were compared between the two groups. The severity of malocclusion, changes after treatment and improvement before and after treatment were evaluated by peer assessment rating (PAR). The complications and loose brackets during treatment were observed. SPSS 20.0 software package was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: The total effective rate of customized group was significantly higher than that of non-customized group (P<0.05). No significant difference was found in treatment duration between the two groups(P>0.05). The number of visits and time required for treatment planning of customized group were significantly longer than those of non-customized group(P<0.05). After treatment, the midline, tooth dislocation, molar buccal occlusion, overbite, overjet and weighted PAR total scores increased in both groups, and the increase was more significant in customized group(P<0.05). The gingival bleeding rate showed no significant difference between the two groups(P>0.05), while the rate of loose brackets was significantly higher in customized group than in non-customized group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with non-customized system, insignia customized system has more visits, longer treatment planning time and higher bracket loosening rate, but its effect is better. In general, it has little effect on the treatment duration and does not increase the bracket shedding rate. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Detection of Porphyromonas gingivalis rag genotypes in patients of chronic periodontitis with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease YU Miao, LI Ti, LIU Ting, HE Long-fei, TIAN Tian-tian, CHEN Jing 2022, 31 (1):  100-103.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2022.01.021 Abstract ( 191 )   PDF (474KB) ( 115 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the distribution of Porphyromonas gingivalis(P.g) rag genotypes in patients of chronic periodontitis with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS: Thirty patients with chronic periodontitis and 30 patients with chronic periodontitis complicated with COPD were included. Saliva samples were collected from all subjects. The detection rate and rag genotype of P.g in saliva were detected by 16S rDNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR). SPSS 22.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The positive rate of P.g was 76.67% in chronic periodontitis patients with COPD, and 63.33% in chronic periodontitis group, there was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). The detection rates of rag-1 genotype in the two groups were 70% and 30.77%, respectively, there was significant difference between the two groups(P<0.05). The detection rates of rag-2, rag-3 and rag-4 in the two groups were not significantly different. CONCLUSIONS: Various rag genotypes can be found in patients of chronic periodontitis with COPD. Rag-1 might have more close correlation with the development of COPD. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application and evaluation of comfort nursing in caries treatment using light-cured resin ZHANG Min-jun, LU Yue-Cen 2022, 31 (1):  104-108.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2022.01.022 Abstract ( 195 )   PDF (689KB) ( 120 )   PURPOSE: This study was carried out to evaluate the value of comfort nursing in light curing resin-treated dental caries by means of patient satisfaction survey. METHODS: One hundred and twenty-eight cariogenic patients, who were treated from January 2017 to December 2017 in Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, were enrolled and randomly assigned as experimental group and control group, respectively(n=64). Cariogenic lesions were treated with light-cured resin, patients in the control group received conventional four-handed operation nursing, while patients in the experimental group received modified comfortable nursing throughout the entire treatment course. The self-designed satisfaction questionnaires were issued, and the patients were required to fill them out after the treatment and nursing were definitely completed. The designed questionnaire was divided into two major parts, including nursing care and nursing operation, which was further subdivided into 10 detailed scoring items. The satisfaction survey of nursing was analyzed between two groups statistically to evaluate the effort of comfort nursing using SPSS 19.0 software package. RESULTS: No significant differences in the treatment environment was observed between the two groups(P>0.05), while upgraded satisfaction were observed in patients from the experimental group compared to those from the control group on the aspects of nursing care, namely, appearance, service attitude, explanation and health knowledge promotion(P<0.05). Among the five scoring standards of nursing operation, which was consist of timely initiative nursing, position nursing, eye nursing, effective nursing and nursing procedures, the satisfaction scores from the experimental group were significantly higher than those from the control group(P<0.05). The total collected data demonstrated that the overall satisfaction of the experimental group was significantly improved compared to that of the control group (94% vs 75%, P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Comfort nursing not only strengthens the professionalism of oral operation, but also improves the patient's experience, facilitating to promote the harmony between doctors and patients. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of two different comfort techniques in extraction of impacted teeth among 60 patients with hypertension SHAO Yun, CHENG Qing-tao, HE Huan, LI Jing, ZHU Wei-yan, LIU Jia-liang 2022, 31 (1):  109-112.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2022.01.023 Abstract ( 253 )   PDF (574KB) ( 170 )   PURPOSE: To compare the effect of two comfort techniques of nitrous oxide/oxygen inhalation and dexmedetomidine combined with flurbiprofen axetil sedation and analgesia in impacted teeth extraction among patients with hypertension. METHODS: According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, sixty patients undergoing impacted teeth extraction with hypertension were randomly divided into 2 groups: X group(nitrous oxide/oxygen inhalation, n=30) and Y group(dexmedetomidine combined with flurbiprofen axetil assisted sedation and analgesia, n=30). The following parameters at T0(preoperative), T1(local anesthesia), T2 (surgical operation), and T3 (5 minutes after surgery) were recorded: mean arterial pressure(MAP), heart rate (HR), Ramsay sedation score, VAS pain score. SPSS 20.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The parameters at each time point between the two groups were not significantly different (P>0.05). Mood and hemodynamics at T1, T2 and T3 in each group were more stable compared with those at T0(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The two comfort techniques can stabilize the patients' mood, keep the patients' hemodynamics stable, and are safe and effective in extraction of impacted teeth among patients with hypertension. References | Related Articles | Metrics