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25 February 2020, Volume 29 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Effect of quercetin on bone formation in the mid-palatal suture of rats during rapid maxillary expansion LIU Qing, CHEN Fei, LU Chen-yan, LI Jing, LI Xiao-le, ZHANG Jun 2020, 29 (1):  1-6.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2020.01.001 Abstract ( 332 )   PDF (4768KB) ( 201 )   PURPOSE: This study was aimed to investigate the effect of quercetin on rats' palatal suture during rapid maxillary expansion(RME). METHODS: Eighteen male 6-week-old（specific pathogen free,SPF） rats were randomly divided into 3 groups. Group A was control group, group B underwent expansion alone, and group C underwent expansion plus quercetin administration. Each group had 6 rats. Neither expansion nor quercetin was given to group A. Each rat in group B and C was set an orthodontic appliance with an initial expansive force (0.98 N). The rats in group C were administered with quercetin (100 mg/kg) at the same time every day after RME, while equal normal saline was given to rats in group A and B. Then the rats were sacrificed on day 14. Sections were cut perpendicular to the midpalatal suture and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H-E) for observation of celluar response, and immunostained for evaluation of bone formation.The changes of collagen were observed through Masson's staining. Image-pro plus adhesive was used to analyze the slice absorbance, and SPSS19.0 software package was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: The results showed that small amount of fibrous tissue was found in the palate of group A, and there were chondrocytes, mesenchymal cells and osteoblasts. There were more fibrous tissues in the palate of group C, fibroblasts and cartilage cells increased, and osteoblasts were seen near the bone region of the palate. The number of osteoblasts in group C was significantly higher than that in group B, and there were new bone calcification deposits. The expression of BMP-2 in the midpalatal suture was significantly greater in group B than in group A at day 14 (P<; 0.01); the expression of BMP-2 in the midpalatal suture in group C was significantly greater than in group B (P<; 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Rapid maxillary expansion can enlarge the middle palatal suture of rats during growth and development, quercetin can promote the expression of BMP-2 in the middle palatal suture of rats during rapid maxillary expansion, make bone deposition and calcification, and accelerate new bone formation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of recombinant connective tissue growth factor on proliferation and odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp cells CAO Ying, PENG Wei-wei, WANG Xuan, WU Tian-tian, DU Rong, ZHU Ya-qin 2020, 29 (1):  7-12.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2020.01.002 Abstract ( 271 )   PDF (4483KB) ( 210 )   PURPOSE: To analyze the effect of recombinant connective tissue growth factor(rCTGF) on proliferation and differentiation of human dental pulp cells(hDPCs). METHODS: Human dental pulp cells were cultured in vitro and treated with rCTGF at different concentrations (0, 1, 10, 100 ng/mL). The proliferation of dental pulp cells was detected by CCK8 assay. The formation of mineralized nodules was determined by alizarin red staining and half-quantitative alizarin Red S assay. qRT-PCR was utilized to detect the expression of odontogenic differentiation related genes DMP-1, DSPP and OC, and the phosphorylation level of ERK1/2 signaling pathway was detected by Western blot. The data were analyzed with SAS 9.3 software package. RESULTS: High concentration of rCTGF(100 ng/mL) could promote proliferation of dental pulp cells. After mineralization induction, 10 g/mL rCTGF had the best effect on promoting the formation of mineralized nodules in dental pulp cells, and calcium ion deposition was the most obvious(P<; 0.05). The expression of odontogenic differentiation related genes DMP-1 and DSPP was significantly up-regulated(P<; 0.05). Western blot results showed that hDPCs stimulated by 10 ng/mL rCTGF could increase the expression of p-ERK1/2. CONCLUSIONS: rCTGF may promote the proliferation and differentiation of human dental pulp cells through activating ERK1/2 signaling pathway. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Optical properties of LED light curing unit before and after transmitting different colors and thickness of two kinds of glass ceramics LIN Hong-lei, LI Qi, YU Hao, HUANG Zheng, ZHENG Ming, CHENG Hui 2020, 29 (1):  13-18.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2020.01.003 Abstract ( 246 )   PDF (4211KB) ( 162 )   PURPOSE: To study the optical properties of two common dental light curing units and the optical properties of the transmitted light after transmitting glass ceramics. METHODS: Two types of glass-ceramic disc named IPS e.max CAD and IPS Empress CAD were produced by CAD/CAM technology, and the colors of A2 and A3 were chosen for each type of glass ceramic, then divided into 4 groups. Eight discs were made 0.5 mm to 4.0 mm thick in each group, the total number was 32. Spectra irradiance meter and power meter were used to measure the central wavelengths and irradiance of 3 power modes of 2 new LED light curing units before and after transmitting glass-ceramic discs. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 25.0 software package. RESULTS: Under different power modes of light curing units, different types and colors of glass ceramics, the central wavelengths of transmitted light were significantly different (P<; 0.05). Under different power modes of light curing units, different types, colors and thicknesses of glass ceramics, the irradiance of transmitted light was significantly different (P<; 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The power mode of light curing unit, the type and color of the glass ceramic have influence on the central wavelength of the transmitted light, but the thickness of the glass ceramic has no influence on the central wavelength of the transmitted light. The power mode of the light curing unit, the type, color, and thickness of the glass ceramic have influence on the irradiance of the transmitted light, in which glass ceramic thickness has the most significant effect on the attenuation of the irradiance of the transmitted light. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the friction and wear properties of fluorapatite glass ceramics, feldspathic porcelain and natural tooth LI Yun-kai, WANG Gao-qi, GAO Yuan, BIAN Cui-rong 2020, 29 (1):  19-24.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2020.01.004 Abstract ( 265 )   PDF (4655KB) ( 181 )   PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to observe the friction and wear characteristics of dental fluorapatite glass ceramics, feldspathic porcelain and natural tooth in dry friction and saliva lubrication. METHODS: Two kinds of veneering porcelain (IPS-emaxcream and Vita vm9) coated zirconia-decorative porcelain double-layer material sample were prepared (size 20 mm ×; 20 mm ×; 4.5 mm), each group had 20 specimens. Friction and wear tests were carried out on 2 kinds of zirconia-decorative porcelain sample under dry friction and saliva accompanying environment respectively by setting different sizes of vertical load and sliding frequency using MMV-1 friction and wear testing machine. SPSS 17.0 software package was used for one-way ANOVA and t test to determine whether there were differences in friction coefficient and wear amount between two groups. RESULTS: The dynamic friction coefficient and wear amount of fluorapatite glass ceramics under saliva lubrication condition were significantly greater than those under dry friction condition. On the contrary to fluorapatite glass ceramics, the dynamic friction coefficient and wear amount of feldspathic decorative ceramics under dry friction condition were significantly greater than those under saliva lubrication condition. Under dry friction and saliva lubrication, the wear amount of fluorapatite glass ceramics was significantly smaller than that of feldspathic decorative ceramics. Scanning electron microscopy showed that under saliva lubrication condition, fluorapatite glass ceramics and the corresponding natural teeth had more severe wear surface than dry friction. Under dry friction condition, feldspathic decorative porcelain and corresponding natural teeth wear more seriously than fluorapatite glass ceramic, and the difference in saliva lubrication condition was relatively small. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with feldspathic decorative porcelain, fluorapatite glass ceramics and natural teeth shows superior wear resistance under dry friction condition. The addition of saliva can reduce the difference between the friction and wear performance of the two decorative porcelains. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of mi-138 targeting PLD2 gene on proliferation and migration of oral cancer cells LI Huai-qi, YE Jin-hai, DING Xu, WU He-ming 2020, 29 (1):  25-30.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2020.01.005 Abstract ( 238 )   PDF (4369KB) ( 138 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of miR-138 targeting PLD2 gene on proliferation and migration of oral cancer cells. METHODS: After oral cancer cells were transfected with miR-138, the expression level of microRNA-138 was detected by RT-PCR assay, the proliferation ability was detected by MTT assay, and cell cycle distribution was detected by flow cytometry. Transwell migration assay was used to detect cell migration ability, Western blotting assay was used to detect the expression levels of MMP-9, PLD2 and cyclin D1 in gastric cancer cells. Luciferase assay was used to report the targeting relationship between microRNA-138 and PLD2 gene. SPSS 21.0 software package was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: After miR-138 was transfected into oral cancer cells, the relative expression level of miR-138 was 4.28±; 0.16, which was significantly higher than that of blank control and miR-NC group (P<; 0.05). Luciferase reporter gene assay showed that the relative activity of PLD2 wild plasmid luciferase was significantly lower in oral cancer cells transfected with microRNA-138 than in other groups (P<; 0.05); The expression level of PLD2 gene in miR-138 group was significantly lower than that in blank control group and miR-NC group (P<; 0.05). After oral cancer cells were transfected with miR-138, the proliferation ability of oral cancer cells in miR-373 group was significantly lower than that in control group and miR-NC group (P<; 0.05). Flow cytometry showed that the ratio of G0/G1 phase was (64.39±; 6.49)% in the group of miR-138, which was significantly higher than that in the blank control group and the group of miR-NC(P<; 0.05); The ratio of S phase in the group of miR-138 was(13.28±; 3.16)%, which was significantly lower than that in the blank control group and the group of miR-NC (P<; 0.05); There was no significant difference in the ratio of G2/M phase among the groups (P>; 0.05). Transwell experiment showed that the number of migrating cells transfected with miR-138 in oral cancer cells was 138.46±; 24.37, which was significantly lower than that in blank control group and miR-NC group(P<; 0.05). Western blotting experiments showed that the relative levels of MMP-9, vimentin and cyclin D1 in the miR-138 group were 0.14±; 0.04, 0.17±; 0.02 and 0.15±; 0.03, respectively, which were significantly lower than those in the blank control group and the miR-NC group(P<; 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: miR-138 can target PLD2 gene expression and inhibit the proliferation and migration of oral cancer cells. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Characteristic expression of apoptotic genes in epulis JIANG Yang-yang, XU Bin, FANG Bing 2020, 29 (1):  31-35.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2020.01.006 Abstract ( 247 )   PDF (3213KB) ( 171 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the characteristic expression of apoptotic genes in epulis. METHODS: Thirty-six patients with epulis were recruited in this study, and related tumor and normal gingival tissues were collected. Six pairs of samples were used for PCR array analysis of apoptosis, and the other thirty pairs of samples were used for qRT-PCR replication. The expression levels of related genes were calculated with internal reference gene delta ΔΔCt. The data were analyzed with SPSS 17.0 software package. RESULTS: Compared with the normal gingival tissues, the expression levels of AIFM1, BCL2, BCL2L1, BCL2L2, BFAR, BIRC2, BIRC3, BIRC6, BNIP2, BNIP3, CD40LG, and XIAP were significantly increased in the gingival tissues, while the expression level of TNFRSF25 was decreased. CONCLUSIONS: Over-expression of anti-apoptotic genes in Bcl-2 family and IAP family inhibits apoptosis of gingival tissues, which eventually causes epulis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of ultrasonic scaling on micro-leakage of all-ceramic crowns JIANG Lei, QIU Jie, LU Ya-hong, CHEN Hong, SHEN Ye-xin, LIN Zhi-hui, FANG Jie, ZHANG Chang-yuan 2020, 29 (1):  36-39.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2020.01.007 Abstract ( 403 )   PDF (3407KB) ( 226 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of ultrasonic scaling on micro-leakage of all-ceramic crowns. METHODS: 48 first premolars of the similar shape and size were collected and prepared by one attending doctor. Two groups were randomly divided (zirconia crown group and glass ceramic crown group, with 24 in each group), and each group was randomly divided into two subgroups (resin cement group and resin modified glass cement subgroup, n=6). After the crowns were bonded and solidified for 24 h, 3 samples were randomly selected from each subgroup for ultrasonic scaling for 60 s, and the other 3 samples were used as the negative control group. After all samples were soaked in 5% fuchsin solution at room temperature for 48 h, buccal and lingual incisions were made, and double-blind scoring was performed for micro-leakage at the crown edge of each sample. SPSS 17.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: There were significant differences between the negative group and the ultrasonic group in micro-leakage of crowns which were cemented with resin modified glass cement(P<; 0.05), but there was no significant difference between the negative group and the ultrasonic group in micro-leakage of crowns which were cemented with resin cement(P>; 0.05). When the same adhesive was used, there was significant difference in microleakage between the zirconia crown and the glass-ceramic crown, whether ultrasonic supragingival scaling was performed or not(P<; 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasonic scaling had significant effect on micro-leakage of crowns which were cemented with resin modified glass cement, and but had no significant effect on micro-leakage of crowns which were cemented with resin cement. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Change of ion precipitation and surface roughness of three dental alloys coexisting ZHANG Hua, ZHOU Tuan-feng, YANG Xue, ZHOU Yi-xiao 2020, 29 (1):  40-45.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2020.01.008 Abstract ( 345 )   PDF (4773KB) ( 143 )   PURPOSE: To study the change of ion precipitation and surface roughness of three dental alloys'coexisting in standard electrolyte solution, in order to provide a reference for the selection of clinical alloy materials. METHODS: Standard samples of Ni-Cr alloy, Co-Cr alloy and Au-Ag-Pd alloy were prepared and divided into 5 groups: Ni-Cr alloy(group N), Co-Cr alloy(group C), Au-Ag-Pd alloy(Group A), Ni-Cr alloy contact with Au-Ag-Pd alloy(group NA), Ni-Cr alloy contact with Co-Cr alloy(group NC). All groups of alloys were soaked in standard electrolyte solution (T=37 ℃, pH=2.31) for 7 days. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to measure the amount of ions released from each group. The surface morphology of each group was observed and the surface roughness(Ra) was measured using atomic force microscope（AFM）. SPSS 18.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The amount of nickel ions released from group N, NA, NC was (1.32±; 0.03) μg/cm2, (2.13±; 0.07) μg/cm2, (1.53±; 0.08) μg/cm2, respectively. Nickel ions of group NA and NC was significantly more than that of group N(P<; 0.05), nickel ions of group NA was significantly more than that of group NC(P<; 0.05). The amount of chromium ions released from group N, NA, NC was (0.06±; 0.01) μg/cm2, (0.08±; 0.01) μg/cm2, (0.05±; 0.01) μg/cm2, respectively, the amount of chromium ions of group NA was significantly more than that of group NC(P<; 0.05). The surface roughness of Ni-Cr alloy in group N, NA, NC was (4.60±; 0.16) nm, (5.37±; 0.08) nm, (5.04±; 0.15) nm, respectively. The surface roughness of Ni-Cr alloy in group NA and group NC was significantly larger than that in group N (P<; 0.05). When contact with Au-Ag-Pd alloy or Co-Cr alloy, the amount of nickel ions released and the surface roughness of Ni-Cr alloy both significantly increased. Compared with Co-Cr alloy, Au-Ag-Pd alloy caused Ni-Cr alloy to release more nickel, chromium ions and formed a rougher surface. CONCLUSIONS: It is necessary to avoid simultaneous application of Ni-Cr alloy and Au-Ag-Pd alloy, or Ni-Cr alloy and Co-Cr alloy in the patient's mouth. Non-precious metals should be avoided as much as possible clinically. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of dental varnish containing fluoride either with CPP-ACP or bioglass on root caries SUN Yang, GAO Chen-Zhi 2020, 29 (1):  46-50.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2020.01.009 Abstract ( 311 )   PDF (3653KB) ( 159 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of dental varnish containing fluoride either with casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate(CPP-ACP) or bioglass on root caries. METHODS: The active roots collected in Peking University People's Hospital from April 2017 to October 2018 were randomly divided into group A, group B, group C, and group D, each with 18 teeth. All groups received toothbrushing containing fluoride, in addition, group B received another 5% sodium fluoride, group C added 5% sodium fluoride + CPP-ACP, and group D added 5% sodium fluoride + bioglass. The severity, surface roughness and mineral concentration of root caries before and after brushing were observed. SPSS 23.0 software package was used to determine the correlation between root severity and surface roughness. RESULTS: After 50 days of brushing, the hardness of group B, C and D was significantly improved (P<; 0.05), and was significantly better than that of group A (P<; 0.05). The hardness was the highest in group D after 50 days of brushing, followed by group C and B, with significant difference(P<; 0.05). The surface roughness scores of group B and C were significantly higher than those of group A and D after 7 days of brushing(P<; 0.05). The surface roughness scores of group B were significantly higher than those of group A, C and D after 14 days of brushing(P<; 0.05). The surface roughness scores of group D were significantly higher than those of group B and C after 50 days of brushing(P<; 0.05). The severity score of root caries in group A was negatively correlated with surface roughness (P<; 0.05). The mineral concentration of each group was increased 50 days after brushing (P<; 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Application of dental varnish containing fluoride either with CPP-ACP or bioglass can effectively prevent root caries. Compared with CPP-ACP, bioglass is more stable, and can effectively improve the mineral concentration on tooth surface. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of the symmetry in nasolabial area of unilateral complete cleft lip with the method of rotation descent step by step ZHANG Rui, ZHANG Ling-ge, LI Xi-hong, LI Rui 2020, 29 (1):  51-54.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2020.01.010 Abstract ( 326 )   PDF (2761KB) ( 174 )   PURPOSE: To evaluate the symmetry and stability of nasolabial area of unilateral complete cleft lip (UCCL) after primary repair with the method of rotation descent step by step. METHODS: Thirty patients with UCCL who were operated on were photographed before, 1 week after and 1 year after surgery, the distances from alare point (al), sub alare point (sba), christa phlitri point (cph) and chelion point (ch) to the facial vertical midline (VML) were measured and compared with the opposite side by paired t test. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 19.0 software package. RESULTS: There were significant differences in al, sba and cph between the cleft side and non-cleft side before(P<; 0.05) and 1 week after surgery; significant differences were found in al, sba and ch between the affected and unaffected side (P<; 0.05); but 1 year after surgery, there was no significant difference between the two sides except sba. After surgery, all the distances from VML were less than those before surgery. There was no significant difference in symmetry rate between 1 week and 1 year after surgery for all the points except sba. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicated that the method of rotation descent step by step is very helpful in reconstruction of lip symmetry, but primary repair can not achieve full recovery of nasal symmetry. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of bone grafting on the repair of distal alveolar bone defect of the second molar after extraction of mandibular impacted third molar JIN Xiao-ming, ZHAI Cai-hong, TAO Hai-biao, JIANG Yin-hua 2020, 29 (1):  55-59.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2020.01.011 Abstract ( 404 )   PDF (3939KB) ( 255 )   PURPOSE: To observe the effect of bone grafting during the extraction of mandibular third molar on repair of distal alveolar bone defect distal to the second molar. METHODS: The risks of the distal alveolar bone defect in the second molar were estimated after removal of the impacted teeth according to the position of the third molar and second molar before operation. It was divided into three groups: low risk group, medium risk group and high risk group. The medium risk group and high risk group were further divided into bone graft subgroup (group A) and non-bone graft subgroup (group B). There were 36 cases in group A and 45 cases in group B. Postoperative re-examination indicators included subjective perception of the patients, depth of probing and height of alveolar bone in the distal molar of the second molar by X-ray examination. The data were analyzed with SPSS 19.0 software package. RESULTS: Six months after operation, in mediun risk group, 0 cases in group A had subjective feelings of cold and heat stimulation; in group B, the number was 6 cases, the difference was significant (P<; 0.05). Distal periodontal probing depth of the second molar was (2.93±; 0.34) mm in group A and (2.95±; 0.50) mm in group B. There was no significant difference between 2 groups (P=0.931). X-ray examination of the alveolar bone height increment of the second molar Δh: (3.31±; 1.02) mm in group A, (3.10±; 1.72) mm in group B, the difference was not significant (P=0.794). In high risk group, 4 cases in group A had subjective feelings of cold and heat stimulation; in group B, the number was 10 cases,the difference was significant (P<; 0.05). Distal periodontal probing depth of the second molar was (3.08±; 0.37) mm in group A and (3.24±; 0.41) mm in group B. There was no significant difference between 2 groups(P=0.931). X-ray examination of the alveolar bone height increment of the second molar Δh: (5.21±; 1.79) mm in group A, (2.99±; 2.42) mm in group B, the difference was significant (P<; 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Risk classification of the second molar distal bone defects after extraction of the impacted teeth is essential, which is helpful to determine whether bone grafting is needed during operation. Autologous bone mixed with Bio-Oss artificial bone powder can promote recovery of the alveolar bone height of the second molar, especially in high risk group, and discomfort caused by exposure can be reduced. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation on profile self-perception of lower anterior facial height by patients seeking orthodontic treatment WANG Yuan-yuan, BAO Bai-cheng, XIE Qi, HAO Chun-bo 2020, 29 (1):  60-64.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2020.01.012 Abstract ( 297 )   PDF (3917KB) ( 138 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the profile self-perception of lower anterior facial height(LAFH) by patients seeking orthodontic treatment, and explore the influencial factors. METHODS: Profile photographs of two Chinese adults (one female and one male with normal profiles) were digitized to create two baseline templates. Changes in middle anterior facial height / lower anterior facial height ratio were made on the templates by altering lower anterior facial height from 0.5 to 1.5 in 0.1 increments. An electronic questionnaire survey was conducted among patients who met the sample criteria. They were asked to choose one from various photos that most resembled their own profile. Then profile photos of patients were taken and measured. Differences between self-perception profile and actual profile were compared using paired t test. Statistical analysis was employed for comparison between different age, genders, profile concerns, education backgrounds, orthodontic histories, marital status and facial types with SPSS 17.0 software package. RESULTS: Two hundred and twenty-six subjects (average age 19.2±; 6.0 years; 79 men, 147 women) were interviewed in this survey. The ratio of self-perception profile by the patients was lower than actual. Difference was significant between patients' actual profile and self-perception profile(P<; 0.01).Among the seven factors,profile concerns（P<; 0.01） and orthodontic history (P=0.002) were significantly correlated with profile self-perception of lower anterior facial height by the patients. CONCLUSIONS: There is a cognitive bias in profile self-perception of lower anterior facial height by patients seeking orthodontic treatment. The patients' self-perception of lower anterior facial height is influenced by profile concerns and orthodontic history, not by age, sex, education backgrounds, marital status and facial types. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of computer virtual design to assist the accuracy of socket preparation during tooth autotransplantation CHEN Jia-min, WU Ye, HE Pin-ting, XIE Fu-ping, LIU Huan-huan, NIU Gang, LIN Li-song 2020, 29 (1):  65-68.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2020.01.013 Abstract ( 412 )   PDF (3214KB) ( 463 )   PURPOSE: It was aimed to apply computer virtual design and digital surgical templates to simulate postoperative position of tooth and guide the accuracy of socket preparation during tooth autotransplantation. METHODS: The study enrolled 10 patients who underwent tooth autotransplant surgery. Cone-bean CT (CBCT) data were imported into Proplan CMF 3.0 software. The donor tooth was transferred to the recipient site according to the occlusion and space situation. A digital template was designed to guide socket preparation. Computer-aided rapid prototyping (RP) technique was used to print the surgical template and tooth model. RESULTS: With computer virtual design and digital template, it was possible to accurately guide socket preparation in recipient site. The six-month follow-up results showed the periodontal space in the radiographs was continuous and intact. There was no mobility in all cases and the probing depth of the tooth was <; 4 mm. The related data showed a favorable survival and success rates of the donor teeth. CONCLUSIONS: Computer virtual design can successfully simulate postoperative position in tooth autotransplantation while simplifying the surgical procedure, and enhance the accuracy of socket preparation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A comparative study of the relationship of mothers' and infants' risk of dental caries between Shanghai and Kunming BI Chao, ZHUO Wen-jian, MENG Min, LI Yan-ping, LU Hai-xia, HAN Xiao-lan 2020, 29 (1):  69-74.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2020.01.014 Abstract ( 217 )   PDF (4575KB) ( 206 )   PURPOSE: To compare the differences of influence of mothers' different socio-demographic background, their oral health status and feeding behavior on their one-month-old infants' risk of dental caries between Shanghai and Kunming, and to explore the factors affecting infants' risk of dental caries in different regions. METHODS: One-month-old infants and their mothers from Huangpu district of Shanghai and Xishan district of Kunming were recruited in the study. Oral plaque samples of mothers and their infants were collected to assess their risk of dental caries. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 22.0 software package, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to screen the factors affecting the risk of infantile rickets in Shanghai and Kunming. RESULITS: A total of 165 mother-child pairs in Shanghai and 161 mother-child pairs in Kunming participated in the survey, and the proportion of infants who were at high risk of caries was 10.3% and 6.2%, respectively. The result of multivariate logistic analysis indicated that the infants whose mother smoked before pregnancy (OR=6.9, P=0.030) and attained lower education level (OR=6.1, P=0.035) had higher risk of caries in Shanghai; while in Kunming, the infants whose mother had higher DMFS values were at higher risk of caries (OR=1.1, P=0.031). CONCLUSIONS: Factors affecting one-month-old infants' risk of caries in Shanghai and Kunming were pre-pregnancy maternal cigarette smoking, mother's lower education level and mother's dental caries status, respectively. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression and significance of Ki-67, PI3K and Beclin1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma DA Yu, YANG Zhen, XIA Miao-miao, WANG Meng-jia 2020, 29 (1):  75-79.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2020.01.015 Abstract ( 562 )   PDF (3390KB) ( 190 )   PURPOSE: To detect the expression and significance of Ki-67, PI3K and Beclin1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). METHODS: Thirty patients with OSCC admitted to Nanjing Stomatology Hospital from January 2017 to December 2018 were selected. All specimens were harvested and treated with immunohistochemical staining. The expressions of Ki-67, PI3K and Beclin 1 were detected. Pearson's correlation was used to analyze the correlation among TMSG-1, Ki-67 and Pgp1.The data were analyzed with SPSS 20.0 software package. RESULTS: The positive rates of Ki-67 and PI3K in OSCC tissues were significantly higher than those in adjacent tissues, and the positive rates of Beclin1 were significantly lower than those in adjacent tissues (P<; 0.05). The positive expression rates of Ki-67, PI3K and Beclin1 in highly differentiated OSCC were significantly higher than those in moderately differentiated and poorly differentiated OSCC (P<; 0.05). The positive expression rates of Ki-67 and PI3K in OSCC with lymph node metastasis were significantly higher than those in OSCC without lymph node metastasis. The positive expression rates of Beclin1 in OSCC with lymph node metastasis were significantly lower than those in OSCC without lymph node metastasis (P<; 0.05). The positive expression rates of Ki-67, PI3K and Beclin1 in stageⅠ+Ⅱ and Ⅲ+Ⅳ OSCC were not significantly different (P>; 0.05). Ki-67 was positively correlated with PI3K (r=0.391, P=0.032), Ki-67 was negatively correlated with Beclin1 (r=-0.525, P=0.02), and Beclin1 was negatively correlated with PI3K(r=-0.367, P=0.045). CONCLUSIONS: Ki-67, PI3K and Beclin1 are correlated with lymph node metastasis and pathological staging. They may be involved in the occurrence and development of OSCC. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation on the prevalence of dental caries and family oral health behaviors in young children aged 1 to 3 years in Chengdu city HE Xiao-ling, CHEN Dan, YAN Zhi-ling, LIU Kun 2020, 29 (1):  80-84.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2020.01.016 Abstract ( 292 )   PDF (3594KB) ( 183 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the prevalence of dental caries in young children aging 1 to 3 years in Chengdu city and the relationship with family oral hygiene habits. METHODS: One thousand children aging 1 to 3 years in 5 kindergartens in Chengdu city were selected as the study subjects, and examined for oral hygiene. They were divided into case group and control group according to the presence of dental caries. Questionnaires were sent out to two groups of children to find out their oral hygiene habits, and the results were compared and analyzed with SPSS 20.0 software package. RESULTS: Three hundred and thirty-one children suffered from dental caries, and the incidence of dental caries was 33.10%. There was no significant differences in sex, low birth weight, gestational age, medical history, parents' highest educational background and main caregivers between the case group and the control group (P>; 0.05); there were significant differences in age distribution, feeding methods and annual family income between two groups (P<; 0.05). In addition to the frequency of flossing and brushing, there were significant differences in other family oral hygiene behaviors between two groups (regular dental examination, frequency of sweets eaten by children, frequency of sweets eaten before sleep and frequency of sweets eaten by parents) (P<; 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that age, annual family income, sleeping with bottles, regular examination of children's teeth, frequency of children eating sweets and frequency of children eating before sleep were all influencial factors of caries in young children (P<; 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of dental caries in young children in Chengdu city is high, and there is significant correlation between dental caries in young children and family oral health behavior, which is one of the influencing factors for dental caries in young children. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical analysis of denture-related oral mucosal lesions in 185 patients with removable denture WANG Li-li, LIU Xiang-hong, YANG Lu-ming, LI Xian-xian 2020, 29 (1):  85-88.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2020.01.017 Abstract ( 378 )   PDF (3103KB) ( 326 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the category and prevalence rate of denture-related oral mucosal lesions (DML) in 185 patients with removable denture and analyze the influencing factors. METHODS: A total of 185 patients with removable denture who visited the department of stomatology of our hospital from October 2015 to June 2018 were investigated by questionnaire. DML types and locations were recorded in detail, and patients were followed up after treatment. Based on the data of this study, the differences of DML reports in other regions of China were analyzed by comparing the results searched from databases. SPSS 17.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: In this study, the DML prevalence rate was 42.7%, significantly higher in male patients than in female patients (54.17% vs 35.40%, P<; 0.05). DML was more common in complete denture wearers than that in partial denture wearers (66.67% vs 31.20%, P<; 0.05). The categories of DML were as followed (prevalence rate from high to low): denture stomatitis (54.43%), traumatic ulcer (34.18%), inflammatory hyperplasia (6.33%), and angular cheilitis (5.06%). CONCLUSIONS: DML is affected by multiple factors. Among them, denture related factors include denture type, denture wearing time, denture lasting time and cleaning method. DML is more influenced by the type of denture than the wearing time. Gender, ethnicity and systemic diseases may affect the prevalence of DML, but further studies are needed. The results of domestic studies in various regions cannot objectively reflect the current prevalence rate of DML, thus a multi-center epidemiological investigation is needed. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of dynamic nutrition support on energy metabolism, immune function and stress response after oral and maxillofacial tumor surgery HUO Yuan-yuan, PAN Yong-hai, XU Wei, SUN Yan-pei, LIU Min, ZHANG Hua, LI Ning-yi 2020, 29 (1):  89-92.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2020.01.018 Abstract ( 270 )   PDF (3016KB) ( 216 )   PURPOSE: To observe the effect of dynamic nutrition support on postoperative energy metabolism, immune function and stress response in patients with oral and maxillofacial tumors. METHODS: Fifty-six patients with oral and maxillofacial tumor surgery were randomly divided into experimental group and control group (28 in each group). Patients in the experimental group received dynamic enteral and parenteral nutrition support according to the stress period after surgery, ω-3 fish oil fat milk injection and glutamine were added in the nutrition support program. Patients in the control group were given routine postoperative enteral and parenteral camp support. Energy metabolism, immune function and stress indexes were detected 1 day before surgery, 2 days after surgery and 7 days after surgery, respectively. SPSS 19.0 software package was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: Energy metabolism indexes in the experimental group were higher than the control group on day 2 after PA surgery and day 7 after ALB and PA surgery, while energy metabolism indexes in the experimental group were lower than the control group on day 2 and day 7 after FPG and TG surgery with significant difference(P<; 0.05). The levels of IgA, IgG, IgM, CD3+, CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group 7 days after surgery, with significant differences (P<; 0.05). The levels of CRP, TNF- and IL-6 in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group 7 days after surgery, and the difference was significant(P<; 0.05). There was no significant difference in postoperative complications between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Dynamic nutrition support can improve postoperative energy metabolism of patients with oral and maxillofacial tumors, improve immune function, and alleviate stress response. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Correlation between salivary stress markers and clinical parameters of periodontitis YU Qin, HU Fei, ZHU Tao 2020, 29 (1):  93-96.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2020.01.019 Abstract ( 298 )   PDF (3143KB) ( 253 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the correlation between salivary stress markers chromogranin A (CgA), cortisol, α-amylase, β-endorphin and clinical parameters of periodontitis, including sulcus bleeding index (SBI), periodontal probing depth (PD) and attachment loss (AL). METHODS: A total of 105 patients with chronic periodontitis (periodontitis group) and 105 healthy individuals (control group) visiting our hospital from December 2017 to December 2018 were selected. Indicators including CgA, cortisol, α-amylase, β-endorphin levels, SBI, PD, and AL were detected in both groups, and the correlation among them was determined by Pearson's analysis, multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors associated with periodontitis using SPSS 22.0 software package. RESULTS: The levels of CgA, cortisol, α-amylase and β-endorphin in the periodontitis group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<; 0.05). SBI, PD and AL in the periodontitis group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<; 0.05). The levels of CgA, cortisol, α-amylase and β-endorphin in saliva were positively correlated with SBI, PD, and AL (P<; 0.05). CgA, cortisol, α-amylase, and β-endorphin were independent risk factors for periodontitis (P<; 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Salivary stress markers CgA, cortisol, α-amylase, and β-endorphin are significantly associated with clinical parameters of periodontitis, suggesting that they can reflect the progression of periodontitis, thus providing an effective reference for diagnosis and efficacy monitoring of periodontitis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of SFRP1 and MIF in elderly patients with severe periodontitis and its correlation with cognitive function DU Rui, LI Juan, WU Ying-tao 2020, 29 (1):  97-101.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2020.01.020 Abstract ( 305 )   PDF (3442KB) ( 242 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the expression of secreted frizzle-related protein 1 (SFRP1) and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in elderly patients with severe periodontitis and its correlation with cognitive function. METHODS: Thirty-two elderly patients with periodontitis in Qingdao Stomatological Hospital from February 2018 to February 2019 were enrolled, and divided into two groups according to the severity: mild group and severe group. All selected subjects received periodontal examination and Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA).The expression of SFRP1 and MIF in serum was also determined. Then the correlations among SFRP1 and MIF periodontal index and cognitive function was analyzed. The data were processed by SPSS 20.0 software package. RESULTS: The probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), sulcus bleeding index (SBI) and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) showed significant difference between the two groups (P<; 0.05). The serum levels of SFRP1 and MIF in the severe group were significantly higher than those in the mild group (P<; 0.05). Serum SFRP1 level was positively correlated with MIF (P<; 0.05). Serum SFRP1 and MIF levels were positively correlated with periodontal index (P<; 0.05). The MoCA score of the severe group was significantly lower than that of the mild group (P<; 0.05). Serum SFRP1 and MIF levels were negatively correlated with MoCA score (P<; 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: SFRP1 and MIF are highly expressed in serum and gingival tissues of elderly patients with severe periodontitis, and are closely related to the degree of periodontal damage. Meanwhile, patients with periodontitis may have some degree of cognitive dysfunction, and SFRP1 and MIF may affect the periodontal tissue structure through Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway and participate in the occurrence and development of cognitive dysfunction. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A preliminary study on accuracy of implant digital impression DONG Zheng-jie, XU Kan 2020, 29 (1):  102-104.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2020.01.021 Abstract ( 346 )   PDF (2460KB) ( 302 )   PURPOSE: To evaluate the accuracy of implant digital impression,in order to provide guidance in digital implant prosthesis. METHODS: According to the requirements, 115 patients undergoing implantation were randomly selected. The implantation impression cap was placed and scanned with CBCT after esteosenesis. Oral cavity was scanned to make the 3D digital implantation model. The model data were obtained by scanning the digital resin implantation models. Based on the remaining teeth, the model data and CBCT data were matched in Nobel Clinicion software. RESULTS: The implantation impression cap in the patient's CBCT was completely matched and overlapped with the digital model in all of the occlusal, coronal and sagittal planes,which meant that the position, direction and angle of the implantation in the oral cavity were exactly the same as those in the digital model made by oral scanning. CONCLUSIONS: 3D digital resin model of oral scanning printing is completely accurate and can be popularized and applied in clinic. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Role of Bcl-2 and MIF proteins in senile patients with gingival cancer FANG Shou-rong 2020, 29 (1):  105-108.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2019.01.022 Abstract ( 270 )   PDF (2890KB) ( 159 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the expression of Bcl-2 protein and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) protein in gingival carcinoma of the elderly and its clinical significance. METHODS: Sixty-two gingival cancer tissue specimens in the elderly diagnosed in our hospital from January 2015 to September 2017 were selected as the experimental group, and 31 normal gingival tissues were selected as the control group. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of Bcl-2 protein and MIF protein in two groups. The differences of Bcl-2 protein and MIF protein in different clinical stages, cervical lymph node metastasis and histological differentiation were analyzed. The data were analyzed with SPSS 16.0 software package for Chi-square test. RESULTS: The positive expression rates of Bcl-2 protein and MIF protein in the gingival cancer samples of the experimental group were 67.74% and 70.97%, respectively. The positive expression rates of Bcl-2 protein and MIF protein in the gingival tissues of the control group were 16.13% and 22.58%, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (P<; 0.05). The positive expression rate of Bcl-2 protein in gingival carcinoma tissues with different degrees of differentiation was statistically significant (P<; 0.05). In different degrees of differentiation, gingival carcinoma with cervical lymph node metastasis, there was significant difference in the positive expression rate of MIF protein in gingival cancer tissues (P<; 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The expression of Bcl-2 and MIF protein is up-regulated in gingival cancer tissues of the elderly, which has certain relationship with the degree of tumor differentiation and cervical lymph node metastasis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Reliability and validity of the Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure (DREEM) among Chinese dental students HE Song-lin, WANG Jin-hua 2020, 29 (1):  109-112.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2020.01.023 Abstract ( 351 )   PDF (2676KB) ( 327 )   PURPOSE: To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure (DREEM) among Chinese dental students. METHODS: Students' perceptions of the educational environment were evaluated using the Chinese version of the 50-item DREEM. When they accomplished the questionnaires, the collected data were analyzed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the scale. Reliability was analyzed by internal consistency and split half reliability, and validity was analyzed by exploratory factor analysis and convergent validity. The data were analyzed by reliability and validity test using SPSS 22.0 software package. RESULTS: A total of 260 dental students were enrolled in this study. All the DREEM questionnaires were completely filled out. The Cronbach's α, split-half reliability of the scale was 0.936, 0.816. By factor analysis of construct validity, the 50 items were classified into 5 domains, the cumulative proportion was 47.071%. The scale had certain logical relation between the items in the same domains. The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient of the scale was between 0.447 and 0.556. CONCLUSIONS: With satisfactory psychometric properties, DREEM is suitable for assessing educational environments among Chinese dental students. References | Related Articles | Metrics