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25 June 2019, Volume 28 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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The effect and mechanism of ANXA1 on TPF chemosensitivity in oral squamous cell carcinoma ZHU Dong-wang, SUN Wen-wen, ZHAO Tong-chao, ZHONG Lai-ping, ZHANG Zhi-yuan 2019, 28 (3):  225-230.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2019.03.001 Abstract ( 325 )   PDF (3973KB) ( 246 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the mechanism of ANXA1 in TPF chemotherapy of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods: ANXA1 overexpression and low-expression cell lines were constructed. The role of ANXA1 in TPF chemotherapy was analyzed by cell proliferation, cytotoxicity test, real-time PCR and Western blot, and the mechanism of ANXA1 in TPF chemotherapy through EMT (epithelial-mesenchymal transition) pathway was discussed. The data were analyzed with SPSS 18.0 software package. Results: After overexpression of ANXA1, cell growth rate decreased, cell cycle slowed down, sensitivity to TPF-induced drugs decreased, and EMT occurred in OSCC. After underexpression of ANXA1, cell growth rate increased, cell cycle accelerated, sensitivity to TPF chemotherapeutic drugs increased, and reverse EMT occurred in OSCC. Conclusions: In TPF chemotherapy of OSCC, overexpression of ANXA1 results in EMT of cells, which leads to decreased chemosensitivity. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study of the timing of tooth movement after repair of alveolar bone defects by rabbit BMSCs combined with beta-TCP ZHANG Fei-fei, BAO Shi-jie, YE Sheng-jia, WEI Bin, GONG Yao 2019, 28 (3):  231-236.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2019.03.002 Abstract ( 284 )   PDF (5119KB) ( 236 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of tooth movement at different time after repair of alveolar bone defects with tissue engineering bone constructed by rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP). Methods: Alveolar bone defect (6 mm×4 mm×8 mm) was made on the right side of 40 New Zealand rabbits, which was filled with tissue engineering bone constructed by BMSCs and β-TCP as experimental sides. Tooth extraction on the other side was performed as control. The mandibular second molars in both sides were moved mesially 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks after surgery. The specimens were taken 4 weeks after exertion. The distance of mandibular second molar moved was measured. The periodontal tissues were observed after H-E staining. TRAP staining was performed and osteoclasts were counted in the periodontal tissues on the pressure side. BMP-2 immunohistochemical staining was used to observe the average optical density of periodontal tissue on tension side. The results were analyzed with SAS 8.0 software package. Results: The distance of tooth movement, the amount of TRAP positive cells and the optical density of BMP-2 in the experimental side of the 2-week and 4-week groups were all significantly lower than those in the control side, while there was no significant difference between the 8-week and 12-week groups.Conclusions: Eight weeks after repair of alveolar bone defect with rabbit BMSCs and β-TCP is an appropriate time for orthodontic tooth movement. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Resveratrol counteracts lipopolisaccharide-mediated oxidative stress by upregulating SOCS-1 production MI Jing, YU Bo, YU Ya-qiong, LI Xiao-lin, DU Ya-xin, QIU Li-hong 2019, 28 (3):  237-240.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2019.03.003 Abstract ( 214 )   PDF (2979KB) ( 189 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the protective effect and mechanism of resveratrol on oxidative stress of MC3T3-E1. Methods: The levels of reactive oxygen species in the cells were observed by fluorescence microscope and flow cytometry. The expression of SOCS-1 protein was detected by Western blot. SOCS-1 transient transfected cell line was established, and the levels of reactive oxygen species in transfected cells were observed by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. The data were analyzed using SPSS22.0 software package. Results: The level of ROS in LPS group was significantly higher than that in the blank group and LPS+RES group (P<0.05). The expression level of SOCS-1 protein was increased after LPS stimulation for 30 min (P<0.05). The level of ROS in the siSOCS-1+LPS+RES group was significantly higher than that in the untransfected group (P<0.05). Conclusions: Resveratrol may counteract LPS-mediated oxidative stress in MC3T3E1 cells by modulating SOCS-1 protein. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of curcumin on EZH2 mRNA expression in the mandible and femur of ovariectomized osteoporosis rats JIANG Qi, ZHU Bing-yu, DEWI Chrystal, ZHOU Xiong-wen. JIANG Qi, ZHU Bing-yu, DEWI Chrystal, ZHOU Xiong-wen 2019, 28 (3):  241-245.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2019.03.004 Abstract ( 202 )   PDF (3737KB) ( 156 )   PURPOSE: To study the effects of curcumin on EZH2 mRNA expression in the mandible and femur of ovariectomized osteoporosis rats,and to investigate its protective effect and mechanism. Methods: Thirty female 6-month old SD rats were randomly divided into sham group,OVX group and experimental group. The rats in the experimental groups were given curcumin (110 mg/kg) by intragastric administration after ovariectomy, while rats in the sham group and OVX group were given the same dosage of carboxymethylcellulose sodium solution, once a day for 12 weeks. All rats were sacrificed after the last intragastric administration. The serum samples were collected for detemination of biochemistrical parameters. Micro-CT was used for bone parameters and the morphology of the trabecular bone of the left mandibles and femurs. The expression level of EZH2mRNA in right mandible and femurs tissue was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). SPSS22.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. Results: The expression of EZH2mRNA in the OVX group was significantly higher than the sham group (P< 0.05). Compared with the OVX group,curcumin increased BMD and improved bone microstructure, decreased serum contents of alkaline phosphatase,and down-regulated the expression levels of EZH2mRNA in bone tissues of rats with osteoporosis (P< 0.05). Conclusions: Curcumin can effectively prevent the lose of bone volume of ovariectomized rats, and repaire bone microstructure. Its mechanism is related with down -regulation of EZH2mRNA. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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In vitro study of antimicrobial efficacy of different irrigations on Enterococcus faecalis biofilm formation in root canal WANG Jia, ZHAO Shen, RAN Shu-jun, SUN Zhe, LIANG Jing-ping 2019, 28 (3):  246-250.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2019.03.005 Abstract ( 280 )   PDF (4076KB) ( 212 )   PURPOSE: To compare the antimicrobial effect of different irrigations on Enterococcus faecalis biofilms in extracted teeth and evaluate the antimicrobial activity of irrigating solutions residual against E. faecalis biofilms formation, in order to provide a better strategy for clinician. Methods: Extracted human premolar teeth with single root canal were clearly autoclaved. These teeth were contaminated with E. faecalis（ATCC33186） and incubated for 60 days. The samples were randomly assigned to 4 experimental groups. During biomechanical instrumentation, the root canal was irrigated with different irrigating agents. The bacteria samples were collected with sterile paper points before and after instrumentation to F2. Then, samples that had been instrumented and autoclaved again were randomly divided into 2 groups treated with normal saline and 1%NaOCl for 30 min. E. faecalis was used to contaminate these root canals. The bacteria samples were collected with sterile paper points after 2, 6, 24, 48 h. SPSS19.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. Results: Group using 1% NaOCI with ultrasound devices was significantly more effective than NS alone groups. 1% NaOCI groups showed a better residual activity than NS group. Conclusions: NaOCl is still the most important irrigating solutions, and it could be a better choice after biomechanical instrumentation, because of its long time substantivity achieves residual antimicrobial activity. Ultrasound devices is recommended to coordinate with irrigation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of iRoot BP Plus on biological behavior of deciduous tooth pulp stem cells and human pulp stem cells WANG Jing, FANGTENG Jiao-zi, LIU He 2019, 28 (3):  251-258.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2019.03.006 Abstract ( 364 )   PDF (6551KB) ( 384 )   PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of iRoot BP Plus as pulp-capping agents on the biological behaviors of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) and human dental pulp stem cells (DPSC). Methods: iRoot BP Plus and ProRoot MTA sample disks were prepared and the extractive solution was extracted from iRoot BP Plus and ProRoot MTA sample disks. The influence of iRoot BP Plus and MTA extracts on the SHED and DPSC proliferation capacity was detected by CCK-8 method at 1, 3, 5 and 7 days.The influence of iRoot BP Plus and MTA extract on the SHED and DPSC migration capacity was observed by Transwell chamber and scratch repair experiments. SHED and DPSC were respectively inoculated on the sample disks of iRoot BP Plus and MTA for culture. Phalloidin and DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) were used for immunofluorescence staining on 1, 3 and 5 days respectively to observe cytoskeleton changes. SHED and DPSC underwent mineralization induction respectively in osteoblastic induction medium, the osteoblastic induction medium containing MTA extract and the osteoblastic induction medium containing iRoot BP Plus extract. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and quantitative analysis of ALP were performed at 7 and 14 days, Alizarin Red staining and semi-quantitative analysis of calcium salt deposition were performed at 21 days. SPSS 19.0 software package was used for statistical analysis of the data. Results: iRoot BP Plus and MTA extracts could promote cell proliferation of SHED and DPSC. In cell migration and adhesion experiments, iRoot BP Plus and MTA both promoted migration and adhesion of SHED and DPSC, and iRoot BP Plus played a more significant role (P=0.000). After mineralization induction, the ALP activity of SHED and DPSC in iRoot BP Plus group was significantly greater than that of MTA. Alizarin red staining and semi-quantitative analysis of calcium salt deposition showed that both iRoot BP Plus and MTA could promote cell mineralization. Moreover, the ability of iRoot BP Plus to promote cell mineralization was significantly stronger than that of MTA (P=0.000). Conclusions: iRoot BP Plus and MTA has good biocompatibility and good osteogenetic differentiation ability, it can promote SHED and DPSC cell proliferation, adhesion, migration, and BP Plus has better affect of promoting iRoot SHED and DPSC adhesion, migration and distribution of differentiation than MTA, therefore iRoot BP Plus and MTA may be used as pulp capping agent both for deciduous and permanent teeth. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The role and mechanism of endoplasmic reticulum stress key factor PREK in myoblast apoptosis under stress loading JI Guo-ping, TIAN Yi-hong, LIU Mei-xi, SHEN Ying, SHEN Gang 2019, 28 (3):  259-263.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2019.03.007 Abstract ( 246 )   PDF (3752KB) ( 199 )   PURPOSE: This study was aimed to figure out the way that cyclic-stretch influenced the apoptosis of myoblasts and evaluate the importance of PERK and its possible mechanism involved. Methods: L6 rat myoblasts were cultured in vitro and mechanical stimulation model was constructed successfully. The myoblasts were imposed tension for 0, 2, 6, 12 and 24 hours respectively by multi-channel cell stress loading system. The force value was 15% cell deformation and the frequency was 10 cycles/min. Each cycle was consisted of stretch for 3 seconds and relaxation for 3 seconds, and the group without tension was used as the control group. The apoptotic myoblasts were dyed by DAPI and observed through fluorescence microscopy to detect the apoptosis rate; the mRNA levels of PERK and CHOP in different groups were detected by real-time PCR and protein levels of PERK and p-PERK in different groups were detected by Western blot. PERK inhibitor was used to clear the role of PERK in apoptosis induced by cyclic-stretch and clarify the relationship between the endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis induced by cyclic-stretch. SPSS 17.0 software package was used to analyze the data statistically. Results: DAPI nuclear stain showed that cyclical tensile stress can induce apoptosis in vitro cultured myoblast. Apoptosis rate showed a trend of rising gradually over time, peaked at 24 h. After dealt with the inhibitor of PERK, the apoptosis rate of the 24 h group under the cyclic stretch showed no difference compared with the control. The results of real- time PCR showed that the mRNA of CHOP was increased with the extension loading time, while the mRNA of PERK showed no difference compared with the control. Western blot results showed that the protein level of p-PERK was increased with the extension of loading time, while the expression of PERK showed no difference compared with the control group. When PERK inhibitor added, the mRNA level of CHOP along with the protein expression level of p-PERK showed no significant difference compared to the control. Conclusions: PERK signaling pathway is involved in the apoptosis of myoblasts induced by cyclic stretch, and the possible mechanism may be closely related to the phosphorylation of PERK. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Finite element analysis of clear aligners in extractive cases WANG Shi-zhe, PAN Xiao-gang, ZHOU Ke-tuo 2019, 28 (3):  264-267.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2019.03.008 Abstract ( 349 )   PDF (3014KB) ( 348 )   PURPOSE: This study analysed the mechanical features of the extraction space closure in clear aligners through mechanical research. Methods: A patient with four first premolars extraction was chosen as sample, and four plans with clear aligners for space closure were designed, including anterior retraction entirely, anterior retraction dispersedly, posterior movement mesially and posterior movement dispersedly. Finite element analysis was performed separately. Results: In anterior retraction, when there was no anterior space, the force acted on them more evenly, and the posteriors needed to provide more anchorage; when anterior space existed, the force acted on the central incisors first and largely, and the posteriors needed to provide less anchorage. In posterior anchorage, when the posteriors moved entirely with mesial movement, it might help to protect second premolar's anchorage while molars would receive more mesial force; when the posteriors moved separately without designed movement, the second premolar would undertake more anchorage and more tendency to incline mesially; when the posteriors moved entirely without designed movement, the anchorage would distribute more evenly. Conclusions: Selection of the way of retracting anteriors should be based on the difference of stress distribution in different ways in addition to individual discrepancy and clinical facts. Selection of the way of moving posteriors should be based on the distribution of anchorage as well as avoiding posterior open bite. Less amount of correction in each step has better axial control. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Mutation screening and functional analysis for 8 patients with ectodermal dysplasia ZHAO Kai, YU Kang, WANG Feng, HUANG Wei, SUN Yuan-yuan, WU Yi-qun 2019, 28 (3):  268-274.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2019.03.009 Abstract ( 394 )   PDF (4753KB) ( 283 )   PURPOSE: To identify the potentially pathogenic mutations in patients with ectodermal dysplasia (ED) and to investigate the pathogenicity of mutations by functional studies. Methods: Eight Chinese ED patients were included in this study. Peripheral venous blood was taken from the patients and DNA was extracted. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed using DNA samples. After quality control of the sequencing data, the potentially pathogenic mutations were screened. The pathogenicity of the mutations was predicted in silico. Immunofluorescence study and dual luciferase assays were performed to investigate the pathogenicity of the mutations. Results: The effective rates of all sequencing samples were above 97.5% and the error rates were less than 0.03%. The proportions of Q20 were more than 97.0%. The average sequencing depths of the target region were more than 90×. The sequencing data were acceptable for further analysis. After data screening, three missense mutations of EDA were detected, including c.959A>G, c.1073A>G and c.1001G>A. The allele frequency was low in population database for all three mutations and in silico analysis indicated all three mutations were disease-causing. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that p65 protein nuclear translocation was compromised by EDA mutations, dual luciferase assays also showed that the activation of NF-κB pathway was decreased by EDA mutations. Conclusions: This study identified EDA mutations in Chinese ED patients and further verified the pathogenicity of the mutations by functional studies, contributing to the understanding of the pathogenesis of ED. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of occlusal reconstruction and cone-beam CT measurement of temporomandibular joint in patients with severe tooth wear CHEN Shuang, ZHONG Qun, WENG Bei-jun, YE Ye, QIAN Yu-mei. 2019, 28 (3):  275-278.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2019.03.010 Abstract ( 345 )   PDF (3234KB) ( 250 )   PURPOSE: To explore the correlation between increased vertical dimensions and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) spaces of patients with severe tooth wear after occlusal reconstruction treatment. Methods: The TMJ spaces and the condylar positions of 30 patients were measured by cone-beam CT (CBCT) before and after treatment. SPSS 19.0 software package was used to analyze the anterior, superior and posterior space of TMJ. Independent sample t test was utilized to evaluate the correlation between vertical dimension and TMJ spaces. Results: There was no significant difference between TMJ spaces of two sides, the data of two sides were combined for further analysis. The mean anterior interspace, superior interspace, posterior interspace was (2.01± 0.52)mm, (3.15± 0.94)mm, (2.70± 0.98)mm before treatment, and (2.03± 0.35)mm, (3.46± 0.74)mm, (2.79± 0.58)mm after treatment, respectively. Based on calculating the In(P/A) and linear ratio(LR), condylar position moved backward for 52% patients before treatment. After occlusal reconstruction, the reduction rate of anterior displacement of condyle was 86.7%. Conclusions: In addition to restoring its vertical dimensions of patients with severe tooth wear, the condyle should be induced to appropriate position to prevent TMJ symptoms. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The symmetry of nasal maxillary complex of patients with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate at the stage of mixed dentition—A cone beam CT study XU Xiao-lin, FAN Cun-hui, HAN Xin-ying, CHEN Xiu-juan, FANG Xiao-xu, TIAN Zhong-hui 2019, 28 (3):  279-283.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2019.03.011 Abstract ( 288 )   PDF (3540KB) ( 261 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the symmetry of nasal maxillary complex in the three-dimensional directions of patients with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate(UCLP) at the stage of mixed dentition. Methods: Craniofacial cone-beam CT(CBCT) images of 20 UCLP patients at the stage of mixed dentition were selected. Three-dimensional reconstruction of bone tissue was carried out by Mimics software, nasal root point and 32 markers with the same name of the healthy side and the cleft side of the nasal maxillary complex were traced, three-dimensional reference planes were set up, then the distances between the points to the three-dimensional planes were measured respectively. SPSS 22.0 software package was used to analyze the data. Results: In the horizontal direction, compared with the non-cleft side, the width of the cleft side of the maxilla at INM and SPC was smaller, the width of maxilla at LPA and SPr was larger, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). In the sagittal direction, compared with the non-cleft side, the depth of LPA, Maz and SPr at the cleft side was larger, the depth of SPM and SPC was smaller, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).In the vertical direction, the positions of LPA, INM and Maz at the cleft side was lower than the non-cleft side, SPC and SPr were higher, the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). The remaining points had no significant difference (P>0.05). Conclusions: The nasal maxillary complex of UCLP patients at the stage of mixed dentition is asymmetric in three directions. The asymmetric locations were mainly located in the nasal cavity and alveolar bone. No obvious asymmetry is found in the orbital region and the maxillary region far from the cleft. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Epidemiological survey of malocclusion in 8-9 year-old children in Qingdao Laoshan district YANG Jang, LI Ya-zhen, LIU Ying, ZHANG Qiang, YUAN Xiao 2019, 28 (3):  284-287.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2019.03.012 Abstract ( 285 )   PDF (2884KB) ( 400 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the prevalence of malocclusion and the correlation between caries and malocclusion in mixed dentition of primary students in Laoshan district of Qingdao city, to provide a scientific basis for early orthodontic treatment. Methods: According to WHO's oral health survey (basic methods), a survey concerning oral health was performed in 1803 children aged 8-9 years old. SPSS 17.0 software package was used for statistical analysis . Results: 1322 of 1803 pupils suffered from malocclusion, the prevalence of malocclusion in children surveyed was (73.32%). There were 519 cases(39.26%) of Class I malocclusion, 374 cases(28.29%) of Class II malocclusion, 357(27.00%) cases of Class III malocclusion, 72 cases (5.45%) with asymmetric malformation. As regard to clinical manifestations, deep overbite accounted for(37.67%) ,followed by deep overjet(29.19%), dental crowding (16.94%) and crossbite(16.03%). The prevalence of caries was 64.23%. Among them, there were 625 males (34.66%) and 532 females(29.51%). Conclusions: The prevalence rate of malocclusion in mixed dentition of primary students in Laoshan district of Qingdao district is not optimistic, the incidence of malocclusion is closely related to caries. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Correlation between nutritional status before radiotherapy and dietary intake in patients with oral cancers ZHANG Hai-feng, ZHANG Mei-fang, ZHAO An-da, LI Rong-rong 2019, 28 (3):  288-292.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2019.03.013 Abstract ( 336 )   PDF (3600KB) ( 231 )   PURPOSE: To explore the correlation between dietary nutrient intake and PG-SGA score in patients with oral cancers before radiotherapy. Methods: Sixty-five patients with oral cancers treated in Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital were selected. The 72-hour dietary survey method was used to understand the food intake of the patients. PG-SGA was used to make quantitative scoring of the nutritional status of the patients. SPSS 23.0 software package was used for data analysis. Results: The number of severe malnutrition cases in male patients was significantly higher than that in female patients (P<0.05). Energy, fat and fat energy ratio, carbohydrate and carbohydrate energy ratio from diet in good nutrition/mild malnutrition group, moderate malnutrition, severe malnutrition patients were over reference intake of dietary nutrients for Chinese residents; protein intake and protein energy ratio were greater than reference intake of nutrients for Chinese people. There was no significant difference among the three groups. The selenium intake of the well-nourished/mildly malnourished, moderately malnourished and severely malnourished groups was 67.15, 81.04 and 81.59 μg; vitamin E was 27.81, 30.88, 26.40 mg α-TE; vitamin C was 150.19, 159.81, 183.71 mg; retinol was 904.65, 1401.51, and 1373.81 μg RAE, respectively. Niacin was 12.97, 18.76 and 14.27 mg NE, respectively, reaching or exceeding the reference intake. There was no significant difference among the three groups. In male patients, dietary energy and niacin intake were negatively correlated with PG-SGA score (P<0.05). Conclusions: Patients with oral cancers have a high incidence of malnutrition before radiotherapy, and the average intake of dietary energy, protein, fat, carbohydrates and micronutrients such as selenium, vitamin E, vitamin C, retinol and niacin reached or exceeded the reference intake. Energy and niacin intake were negatively correlated with PG-SGA score in male patients. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Design and application of an oral health self-efficacy scale for patients with dental implants NIE Rong-bing, TANG Jun, WANG Yu-hua, DU Ying 2019, 28 (3):  293-296.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2019.03.014 Abstract ( 396 )   PDF (2856KB) ( 283 )   PURPOSE: To design an oral health self-efficacy scale for patients with dental implants and to evaluate their reliability and validity. Methods: Based on literature review, we designed and developed a self-efficacy energy table that met the characteristics of implant patients. The scale consisted of 16 items which were divided into 3 dimensions, including self-efficacy of dental implant surgery, self-efficacy of postoperative supportive care, and self-efficacy of oral hygiene habits. The reliability and validity of the scale were evaluated by factor analysis in 102 outpatients with dental implants using SPSS 13.3 software package. Results: A total of 4 common factors were extracted from the scale, and the cumulative contribution rate was 75.35%. The overall Cronbach's α coefficient of the scale was 0.910, and the retest correlation coefficient was 0.882, which belonged to high-signal scale. Conclusions: The oral health self-efficacy energy scale for implant patients with independent design has high reliability and validity. It can provide targeted guidance for oral health education for implant patients and improve the success rate of implant surgery. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparative study of minimally invasive technique and traditional decaying method for dental caries and the impact of dental treatment on pain and anxiety during pregnancy TANG Hui, HUANG Qing 2019, 28 (3):  297-300.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2019.03.015 Abstract ( 330 )   PDF (3027KB) ( 255 )   PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of minimally invasive technique in the treatment of deep caries during pregnancy, and to assess the impact of dental treatment on pain and anxiety among pregnant women. Methods: From January 2017 to November 2017, 60 pregnant women with class I deep caries of the posterior teeth were recruited and divided into experimental group and control group randomly. The third generation chemical decaying technique plus traditional decaying method were used in the experimental group, and traditional decaying method alone was performed in the control group. Pulse and blood pressure during operation, duration of treatment for one tooth, and treatment results and complications at the end of follow-up were measured and recorded. Anxiety was assessed using the general hospital anxiety/depression scale (HAD) during treatment. The data were analyzed with SPSS 22.0 software package for Chi-square test. Results: There was no significant difference in microleakage, secondary caries and shedding rate between the experimental group and control group. However, the experimental group was superior to the control group in terms of treatment time, inhibition of plaque, patients' fear degree, pain sensation and retention of healthy dental tissue. Minimally invasive scavenging technique can effectively relieve pain and anxiety of pregnant women during treatment. Conclusions: Minimally invasive decaying technique is superior to traditional decaying method in the treatment of deep caries in pregnant women and is worth wide application. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Retrospective study on clinical diagnosis and treatment of 11675 cases with oral prosthodontics XU Xiao-ming, LIU Yue-hua 2019, 28 (3):  301-306.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2019.03.016 Abstract ( 245 )   PDF (3825KB) ( 160 )   PURPOSE: To explore the diagnosis, basic characteristics and types of prosthodontic cases in different age groups, and to provide evidence for oral prosthodontic programs and oral health education for adults. Methods: A total of 11675 patients who visited the department of oral prosthodontics of Shanghai Minhang District Dental Disease Prevention and Treatment Center from April 2016 to October 2018 were derived from the information management system for the whole process of prosthodontics. SPSS 17.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. Results: Among 11675 cases of oral prosthodontics, the proportions of tooth defect, dentition defect and edentulism were 53.15%, 43.89% and 2.96%, respectively. With the increase of age, the proportions of defect restoration gradually decreased, and the proportions of dentition defect restoration gradually increased. The proportion of implant restoration in the group under 35 years old was higher than that of fixed bridge restoration. The proportion of restoration of tooth defect and fixed restoration of dentition defect in female was significantly higher than that in male (P<0.01). Among patients over 65 years old, 92.06% was removable denture. The proportion of porcelain fused to metal(67.16%) was higher than that of porcelain (32.37%) in fixed restoration. Among ceramic restoration colors selected by artificial vision colorimetry based on Vitapan 3D-master shade guide, group 3 (48.63%) accounted for the highest proportion,group 1 had the lowest proportion (0.65%), group 4 and group 5 accounted for the highest proportion in 45-54 year-old group. 3M2, 2M2, 2M3, 3M1 and 3R1.5 were shade selection with high frequency in the first 5 digits, while value in female was higher than that in male in the same age group. Conclusions: Timely restoration of dental defects can help delay the loss of teeth, and timely restoration of dentition defects can restore oral function, maintain the stability of dentition, prevent deterioration of oral condition, and promote oral health and overall health. It is suggested that prosthodontics should be added into community oral health education. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Measurement and analysis of inclining implant in edentulous maxillary surgery design based on cone-beam CT ZHEN Zi-cheng, SHEN Han, NI Jun 2019, 28 (3):  307-311.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2019.03.017 Abstract ( 267 )   PDF (3754KB) ( 184 )   PURPOSE: To study the height of alveolar ridge and the distance between the wall of maxillary sinus on the curve of the dental arch, and to explore the guiding significance for maxillary sinus surgery and edentulous jaw implant surgery. Methods: Cone-beam CT(CBCT) data of 105 objects were selected to measure the height of alveolar ridge and the maximum bone internal distance between the wall of maxillary sinus 10 mm and 12 mm above the alveolar crest horizontally on the curve of the dental arch. Forty-nine objects with alveolar ridge height on the molar area less than or equal to 10 mm were included for further investigation. The distance between the maxillary sinus wall, and the angle between the maxillary sinus wall on the horizontal plane were measured and calculated. SPSS 22.0 software package was used for statistical analysis of the data. Results: The mean value of the alveolar ridge height in the posterior teeth area was first premolar > second premolars > second molars > first molars. The mean value of the horizontal distance between the wall of sinus 10 mm and 12 mm above the alveolar crest horizontally was (82.40±27.56) mm and (70.54±29.70) mm in 105 objects, while (67.85±28.53) mm and (52.75±24.90) mm in 49 included objects, respectively. The mean value of the angle between the maxillary sinus wall on the horizontal plane was (23.55±39.13)°. There was no significant difference between males and females. However, the horizontal distance had statistically significant differences between different groups and in different horizontal levels of the same group. Conclusions: CBCT is helpful to establish implant surgical plan, and carry out maxillary sinus lift and edentulous jaw implant surgery. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical evaluation of modified Xiaoyao pill on the treatment of oral lichen planus patients with anxiety or depression LIU Wei-dong, ZHAO Min 2019, 28 (3):  312-316.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2019.03.018 Abstract ( 1848 )   PDF (3713KB) ( 251 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical effect and safety of modified Xiaoyao pill on the treatment of oral lichen planus (OLP) patients with anxiety or depression. Methods: Sixty OLP patients with anxiety and depression were randomly divided into 2 groups, treated separately with hydroxychloroquine(HCQ, control group) and HCQ+modified Xiaoyao pill(experimental group). The results were measured with semi quantitative reticular erosive and ulcerative lesion (REU) and visual analogue scale（VAS） scoring system at the first visit, the second week, the fourth week and the eighth week, respectively. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 18.0 software package. Results: The clinical effect of HCQ+modified Xiaoyao pill was better than that of the HCQ. The REU, VAS scores were lower after treatment in both groups (P<0.05), but the effect of the experimental group was more remarkable in reducing the pain indexes, accelerating the healing of erosive lesion and preventing recurrence than the control group. There was no significant difference in the overall effective rate between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusions: Modified Xiaoyao pill was effective and safe in the treatment of OLP patients with anxiety or depression, especially for EOLP. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The efficacy of using cephalometrics to predict difficult intubation of patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome ZHOU Chi, WANG Xu, JIANG Hong, ZHU Ye-sen, XU Hui 2019, 28 (3):  317-320.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2019.03.019 Abstract ( 267 )   PDF (2760KB) ( 242 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the difference of radiological measurements between difficult-to-intubate obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS) patients and easily-to-intubate ones, and explore the feasibility of cephalometry in predicting difficult intubation. Methods: Thirty male OSAS patients who received general anesthesia underwent cephalometrics before operation. Mallampati grade was used to evaluate the intubating condition of all patients before endotracheal intubation. After awake intubation and general anaesthesia, Cormack and Lehane laryngoscope grade was used to confirm the difficult-to-intubate patients and easily-to-intubate ones. The difficult-to-intubate patients were set into group I (n=13), the easily-to-intubate patients were set into group II (n=17). X-ray cephalometric radiographs were scanned into computer, 22 cephalometric parameters were measured with CASSOS 2001 cephalometric software. The measured items included hard tissue of maxilla and mandible, soft tissue of tongue and soft palate, airway space, hyoid and other parameters. SPSS13.0 software package was used for independent sample t test. Results: The interface length of tongue and soft palate (CL), the tongue length (TGL) and the hyoid-mental distance (H-MP) were significantly different between the two groups (P<0.05). In difficult-to-intubate OSAS patients, the tongue area (TA) was larger, the soft palate length (PNS-U) was longer, the Atlanto-occipital gap (AOG) was shorter, but the difference was not significant. CONCLUTIONS: X-ray cephalometric indicators closest associated with difficult intubation in OSAHS patients are CL, TGL and H-MP, which are instructive for predicting difficult intubation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of continuous oral health education on elderly patients with chronic periodontitis treated with dual-wavelength laser QU Dong-lin, GU Yan-lin, LIU Yi, LIAO Qian 2019, 28 (3):  321-324.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2019.03.020 Abstract ( 253 )   PDF (2741KB) ( 215 )   PURPOSE: To explore the clinical effect of continuous oral health education on elderly patients with chronic periodontitis treated with dual wavelength lasers. Methods: The clinical data of 150 elderly patients with chronic periodontitis treated with dual-wavelength laser in Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital between March 2016 and March 2018 were analyzed and divided into 2 groups according to the different intervention plans applied. Seventy-five cases receiving routine oral hygiene education were taken as the control group, and the other 75 patients receiving continuous oral health education were set as the experimental group. Oral behavior, gingival index and dental plaque index in the two groups were analyzed and compared using SPSS 21.0 software package. Results: The proportions of patients with correct brushing, taking regular oral examination and maintenance, and keeping good oral habits in the experimental were 97.33%, 93.33% and 92.00%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The gingival index and dental plaque index 3 and 6 months after intervention were (1.24±0.14) and (1.08±0.10), (1.50±0.10) and (1.69±0.26), respectively in the experimental group, which were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusions: For elderly patients with chronic periodontitis treated with dual-wavelength laser therapy, application of continuous oral health education can improve their oral behavior and periodontal status, therefore is worthwhile to be popularized in clinical application. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of the effect of quality control circle activities on improving the nursing quality of patients with periodontitis JU Ya-qiong, XU Xiao-ming, HAN Xiang-yong, YAO Jia-lu, TANG Hong-yun 2019, 28 (3):  325-329.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2019.03.021 Abstract ( 521 )   PDF (3530KB) ( 307 )   PURPOSE: To study the effect of quality control circle activity on improving nursing quality of patients with periodontitis. Methods: One hundred and twenty patients with periodontitis admitted to our hospital from January 2016 to December 2017 were selected and divided into experimental group and control group according to the principle of random control, with 60 patients in each group. Patients in both groups received supragingival scaling, subgingival scaling and related symptomatic treatment, patients in the experimental group conducted nursing under the guidance of quality control circle, while patients in the control group received routine nursing. Satisfaction degree, therapeutic effect and gingival index, probe depth, gingival sulcus bleeding index, plaque index and periodontal attachment levels were recorded and compared between the two groups using SPSS 19.0 software package. Results: After quality control circle to guide nursing, the patients' satisfaction (P=0.003) and the total effective rate of treatment was significantly higher than the control group(P=0.002), the incidence of oral health problems in the experimental group was significantly lower than the control group(P=0.037), PD, GI, SBI, PLI and AL levels in the experimental group were significantly lower than the control group(P=0.000). In addition to the tangible achievements,intangible results, such as quality control circles harmonious degree of nursing, sense of responsibility, communication, and problem solving ability, cohesion and quality control methods are improved distinctly in the experimental group. Conclusions: Quality control circle activity can improve nursing quality of patients with periodontitis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Efficacy of photodynamic therapy for peri-implantitis: A meta-analysis TAN Jian-ping, JIANG Qian, TAN Ming-feng, ZHOU Peng, ZHANG Fu-jun 2019, 28 (3):  330-336.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2019.03.022 Abstract ( 299 )   PDF (5213KB) ( 295 )   PURPOSE: This meta-analysis was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in combination with non-surgical therapy compared to non-surgical therapy alone for patients with peri-implantitis. Methods: Bibliographic databases including Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMbase, Web of Science, CNKI, VIP, Wanfang Data and CBM were searched from inception to April 1st 2018 , to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of photodynamic therapy in combination with non-surgical therapy and non-surgical therapy alone for peri-implantitis. Two reviewers independently screened the literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracted the data, and assessed the quality. Then after cross-checking, meta analyses was performed by using RevMan 5.3 software. Meta analysis of probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing(BOP) and clinical attachment level(CAL) was conducted using weighted mean differences (WMD) for continuous data with 95% confidence intervals(CI). Results: Six studies met the inclusion criteria. Meta analysis results showed that compared to non-surgical therapy alone, PDT in combination with non-surgical therapy showed significant differences in PD(WMD=-0.81,95%CI -1.52 to -0.11, P=0.02), BOP(WMD=-5.15, 95%CI -6.29 to -4.01, P<0.00001), but no significant differences in CAL(WMD=-1.13, 95%CI -3.51 to 1.25, P=0.35). Conclusions: In the treatment of peri-implantitis, compared to non-surgical therapy alone, non-surgical therapy with PDT was more effective in reduction of probing depth and probing bleeding, but it did not significantly improve clinical attachment level. For the quantity and quality limitation of the included studies, the conclusion has to be further proved by performing more well-designed and high quality RCTs. References | Related Articles | Metrics