Shanghai Journal of Stomatology

Generation and validation of inducible osteoblast-specific Stat3 knockout mice

GONG Xin-yi, HUANG Xiang-ru, ZHOU Si-ru, YANG Yi-ling, XU Hong-yuan, JIN An-ting, DAI Qing-gang, JIANG Ling-yong

2020, 29 (4): 337-342. doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2020.04.001

Abstract ( 525 )

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PURPOSE: Based on the Cre-Loxp gene knockout system, this study intended to construct tamoxifen-inducible STAT3 conditional knockout mice and verify the knockout efficiency. METHODS: The inducible osteoblasts-specific Stat3 knockout mice Stat3^Col1ERT2 were obtained by hybridization through C57 mice of Stat3^fl/fl and Col1 creERT2. Bone mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs) of these mice were isolated and cultured with or without 4-hydroxytamoxin(4-OTH), to verify the effect of Stat3 knockout in vitro by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting in the level of mRNA and protein. Meanwhile, wild type and Stat3^Col1ERT2 mice were both intraperitoneally injected with tamoxifen, the expression of STAT3 in the maxillary alveolar bone was observed by immunofluorescent staining to confirm the knockout effect in vivo. Statistical analysis was conducted with SPSS 24.0 software package. RESULTS: Real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting results demonstrated that mRNA(P<0.05) and protein levels of STAT3 were significantly decreased (P<0.05) in BMSCs derived from Stat3^Col1ERT2 mice by 4-OHT induced knockout in vitro. Immunofluorescent staining indicated that STAT3 expression was significantly reduced(P<0.05) in osteoblasts of the maxillary alveolar bone in Stat3^Col1ERT2 mice. CONCLUSIONS: This study successfully constructed the inducible osteoblasts-specific Stat3 gene knockout mice, which helped investigators control the time and space of gene knockout, therefore providing new insights and guidance for research fields of orthodontic tooth movement, distraction osteogenesis and jaw fractures in the future.

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Biological characteristics of periodontal ligament stem cells modified by platelet derived growth factor BB

DENG Jia-jia, PAN Jie, YU Li-ming, ZHANG Wei-hua, ZHU Lu-ying, HAN Xin-xin, LIU Yue-hua

2020, 29 (4): 343-349. doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2020.04.002

Abstract ( 204 )

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PURPOSE: To investigate the biological characteristics of human periodontal stem cells (hPDLSCs) modified with platelet derived growth factor BB(PDGFBB) gene, and to explore its influence on proliferation, migration and osteogenic induction of hPDLSCs. METHODS: hPDLSCs were isolated and amplified, and immunofluorescence staining was performed to identify cell surface markers and osteogenic differentiation ability. hPDLSCs were transfected with PDGFBB gene by lentivirus vector, and the effects on cell proliferation and migration were detected by CCK-8 and scratch test after transfection. Real-time PCR was performed to analyze the mRNA expression levels of osteogenic and angiogenic genes in hPDLSCs cells transfected with PDGFBB gene. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 22.0 software package. RESULTS: hPDLSCs were successfully obtained by tissue mass culture and finite dilution method. Compared with the blank virus group and non-transfected group, the proliferation and migration ability of the cells in the transfection group were significantly increased, and the mRNA expression levels of OPN, COL-1 and VEGF were significantly up-regulated(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Lentiviral vector can transfer PDGFBB gene into hPDLSCs in vitro and obtain continuous and stable expression. PDGFBB can promote proliferation and migration of hPDLSCs cells and up-regulate expression of osteogenic and angiogenic genes.

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Expression and significance of chemokines CCL21, E-selectins and Hsp90 in periodontal tissues of rats with experimental periodontitis

WANG Ting, FU Jing, LIU Xin-qiang, ZHANG Qian

2020, 29 (4): 350-354. doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2020.04.003

Abstract ( 243 )

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PURPOSE: To investigate the expression and significance of chemokines CCL21, E-selectins and heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) in periodontal tissues of rats with experimental periodontitis. METHODS: Forty 10-week-old male Wistar rats were significantly randomly divided into 4 groups with 10 rats in each group. Periodontitis models were established in groups A, B and C, and the rest were 10 blank control groups. Rats in group A, B and C were sacrificed at 4, 8 and 12 weeks after basic periodontal treatment, and the periodontal tissues of the first and second molars were taken for CCL21, E-selectins and Hsp90 protein expression detection. SPSS 25.0 software package was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: The levels of periodontal attachment in group A, B and C were higher than those in the control group(P< 0.05). The levels of periodontal attachment, CCL21, E-selectins, Hsp90 mRNA and protein expression in periodontal tissues increased first and then decreased(P< 0.05). The levels of periodontal attachment, CCL21, E-selectins, Hsp90 mRNA and protein expression in group B and C were significantly higher than those in group A(P< 0.05). The levels of periodontal attachment, CCL21, E-selectins, Hsp90 and relative protein expression in periodontal tissues of group C were significantly lower than those of group B(P< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The expression of CCL21, E-selectins and Hsp90 is up-regulated in periodontitis tissues. With local periodontal treatment, the expression level of CCL21, E-selectins and Hsp90 gradually decreases.

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Biochemical analysis of stress distribution of dental implants with different body shapes after maxillary sinus augmentation

ZUO Shu-yu, WANG Xuan, WU Hai-wei, ZHANG Dong-sheng

2020, 29 (4): 355-358. doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2020.04.004

Abstract ( 284 )

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PURPOSE: To compare the stress distribution of dental implants with different body shapes after maxillary sinus augmentation. MRTHODS: Three different implant models varying in implant shape were investigated in D3-type maxilla. All materials were assumed to be linear elastic, homogenous and isotropic. An oblique force of 150 N was applied to the implant. Maximal equivalent von-Mises of supporting bone around implants were measured. All of the models were measured by Ansys Workbench 14.5. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 17.0 software package. RESULTS: Highest stress of supporting bone emerged on the crestal cortical site around the implant neck. There was no significant difference in the maximum EQV of supporting cortical bone between different groups; the maximum EQV of supporting trabecular bone in the tapered implant group was much higher than other groups; application of grafts reduced the maximum EQV of both cortical and trabecular bone in all groups. CONCLUSIONS: Tampered implant can induce elevated stress distribution of the upper trabecular bone, which may promote marginal bone loss. Application of grafts after maxillary sinus augmentation could favors in reducing the stress loading of dental implants.

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Effect of curcumin on TGF-β1 /Smad3 pathway in rat gingival fibroblast treated with cyclosporine A

WANG Zhen, SUN Yang, CHEN Jia-lu, GONG Yi-ming

2020, 29 (4): 359-364. doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2020.04.005

Abstract ( 200 )

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PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of curcumin (Cur) on TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway of rat gingival fibroblast treated with cyclosporine A (CsA) in vitro, and to provide theoretical basis for the mechanism of curcumin inhibiting drug-induced gingival hyperplasia induced by CsA. METHODS: Healthy Sprague-Dawley rat gingival fibroblasts were cultured with different concentrations of Cur (0, 5, 10, 20, 30 μmol/L) and Cur (20 μmol/L)+CsA(200 ng/mL), cell proliferation was assessed with CCK-8 assay. The mRNA levels of TGF-β1, Smad3, α-SMA and collagen type Ⅰ in gingival fibroblasts were detected by real-time PCR under Cur(20 μmol/L)+CsA(200 ng/mL); the protein level of TGF-β1, Smad3, p-Smad3, α-SMA and collagen type Ⅰ were determined through Western blot. The effect of Cur(20 μmol/L)+CsA(200 ng/mL) on migration ability of gingival fibroblasts was observed through Scratch wound-healing assay. The data were analyzed with SPSS 23.0 software package. RESULTS: Cell proliferation and migration ability of rats gingival fibroblasts were significantly reduced under Cur(20 μmol/L)+CsA(200 ng/mL). 20 μmol/L Cur significantly decreased mRNA expression of TGF-β1, α-SMA and collagen type Ⅰ in gingival fibroblasts, and Western blot suggested significantly down-regulated expression of TGF-β1, p-Smad3, α-SMA, and collagen typeⅠ. CONCLUSIONS: Cur may inhibit TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway of gingival fibroblasts activated by CsA, thereby weakening proliferation and migration, reducing secretion of smooth muscle actin and collagen of gingival fibroblasts, and ameliorating gingival hyperplasia.

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Expression level and effect of P2X7 receptor mRNA during osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells

LI Wen-jing, CHEN Hui-zhen, LIU Cong-na, ZAHNG Zhi-yong

2020, 29 (4): 365-369. doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2020.04.006

Abstract ( 202 )

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PURSPOSE: To investigate the role of P2X7 receptor in osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells. METHODS: Human periodontal ligament stem cells obtained from primary culture were divided into 4 groups: control group, adenosine triphosphate group, osteogenic induction group, adenosine triphosphate + osteogenic induction group. The differences of RUNX2, OCN gene expression and P2X7 receptor mRNA expression between the four groups were compared. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 16.0 software package. RESULTS: One week after osteogenic formation and two weeks after osteogenic formation, the expression of RUNX2 and OCN mRNA in the adenosine triphosphate + osteogenic induction group was significantly higher than that in the osteogenic induction group (P<0.05). The expression of RUNX2 and OCN mRNA in the 1 week after adenosine triphosphate + osteogenic induction fluid was significantly higher than that 2 weeks after osteogenic formation, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The expression of P2X7 receptor mRNA in the adenosine triphosphate group and the adenosine triphosphate + osteogenic induction group was significantly higher than that in the control group and the osteogenic induction group 1 week after osteogenesis and 2 weeks after osteogenesis (P<0.05). The expression of P2X7 receptor mRNA in the adenosine triphosphate group was significantly higher than that in the adenosine triphosphate + osteogenic induction group 2 weeks after osteogenesis(P<0.05). The expression of P2X7 receptor mRNA was significantly higher than that of osteogenic induction 1 week after adenosine triphosphate composition(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: P2X7 receptor can significantly improve the osteogenesis of periodontal ligament stem cells, and adenosine triphosphate can activate the expression of P2X7 receptor.

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Role of P2X7 receptor in osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells

PENG Yu-zhi, TANG Song-jiang, LI Xiao-jing, ZHAO Sheng-ke, LIU Bao-zhen

2020, 29 (4): 370-374. doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2020.04.007

Abstract ( 278 )

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PURPOSE: To investigate the role of P2X7 receptor (P2X7r) in osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs). METHODS: hPDLSCs were isolated from the premolars collected in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and divided into four groups. Group A was cultured in conventional medium, group B was cultured in osteogenic induction medium, group C was cultured in osteogenic induction medium + 100 nmol/L adenosine triphosphate (ATP) solution, and group D was cultured in osteogenic induction medium + 100 nmol/L P2X7 receptor specific antagonist KN-62. After 7 days, alizarin red staining was used to observe the osteogenic effect of hPDLSCs in each group. The mRNA expression of osteocalcin (OCN), RUNX2 and P2X7r in hPDLSCs was detected by real-time PCR reaction (RT-PCR). The data were processed by SPSS 22.0 software package. RESULTS: Alisarin red staining showed that the morphology of hPDLSCs cells in group B and group C was significantly changed. The pale calcified nodules in group C were significantly more than those in group B, while very few calcified nodules were found in group A and group D. The mRNA expression of OCN, RUNX2 and P2X7r in hPDLSCs were the highest in group C, followed by group B(P<0.05), and no difference was found between group A and group D(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: P2X7 receptor can promote osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells after being activated by ATP, which may provide a new direction for clinical treatment of periodontitis.

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The effect of commonly used subgingival wedge-shaped defect filling materials on the formation of Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilm

MA Jian, SHAO Qiang, YU Yi

2020, 29 (4): 375-379. doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2020.04.008

Abstract ( 275 )

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PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of commonly used subgingival wedge-shaped defect filling materials on the formation of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.gingivalis) biofilm. METHODS: Subgingival class V cavities were prepared on the buccal surfaces of 48 extracted premolars. After that, the premolars were randomly divided into 3 groups (A, B and C) with 16 in each group. After filling and polishing with universal nano fluid resin, universal nano solid resin and glass ionomer cement individually, Isomet 4000 precision cutting machine was used to make specimens containing all the filling materials (mesiodistal distance: 5 mm, occlusal-gingival distance: 3 mm, buccolingual distance: 2 mm). All the specimens were placed in P.gingivalis bacterial solution for 24 hours to form P.gingivalis biofilm. Then the attachment amount of P.gingivalis was observed by crystal violet staining. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was used to observe the P.gingivalis biofilm. SPSS 22.0 software package was used for Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test. RESULTS: The results of crystal violet staining showed that the amount of P.gingivalis adhered to the glass ionomer cement filling surface was significantly less than that of other groups(P<0.05). CLSM scan showed no significant difference in proportion of viable bacteria and biofilm thickness among three groups (P>0.05). P.gingivalis biofilm in glass ionomer cement group was sparse, showing small clumps, and did not aggregate into pieces. On the surface of universal nano solid resin, P.gingivalis biofilm was in large pieces with a three-dimensional structure. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with the universal nano solid/fluid resin, the surface of glass ionomer cement is not conducive to the formation of P.gingivalis biofilm. Therefore, from the perspective of periodontal health, glass ionomer cement is suitable for filling treatment of subgingival wedge-shaped defects.

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Effect and mechanism of testosterone level on inflammatory bone resorption in periodontitis with mice

WU Yue-xia, SI Shan-shan, ZHANG Xin, LIAN Ke-qian

2020, 29 (4): 380-385. doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2020.04.009

Abstract ( 276 )

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PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of testosterone level on inflammatory bone resorption in periodontitis with mice. METHODS: Forty-eight SD mice were randomly divided into unligated group, sham operation group, castration group, castration + testosterone group, 12 mice in each group. At 6 weeks after ligation, serum testosterone levels were measured, and alveolar bone loss (ABL) and alveolar bone absorption area were compared by hematoxylin - eosin staining and methylene blue staining. The expression of inflammatory cytokine messenger RNA(mRNA) in gingival tissue was measured by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. SPSS 20.0 software package was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: Serum testosterone level among four groups was the highest in the unligated group, followed by castration + testosterone group, sham operation group and castration group, with significant difference(P<0.05). The ABL of the castration + testosterone group was significantly larger than that of the unligated group, the sham operation group and the castration group(P<0.05). The ABL of the castration group was significantly smaller than that of the sham operation group (P<0.05). The alveolar bone resorption area of the castration + testosterone group was significantly larger than that of the unligated group, the sham operation group and the castration group(P<0.05). The alveolar bone resorption area of the castration group was significantly smaller than that of the sham operation group (P<0.05). Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) mRNA, interleukin-6(IL-6) mRNA and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) mRNA levels in gingival tissues of sham operation group, castration group and castration + testosterone group were significantly higher than the unligated group. The levels of interleukin-10(IL-10) mRNA in gingival tissues of sham operation group, castration group and castration + testosterone group were significantly lower than those in unligated group(P<0.05). The level of IL-1β mRNA in gingival tissues among four groups was the the highest in the unligated group, followed by castration + testosterone group, sham operation group and castration group, with significant difference (P<0.05). Serum testosterone levels were positively correlated with ABL, alveolar bone resorption area, and IL-1β (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Periodontitis with mice have decreased testosterone levels, and long-term testosterone depletion can reduce inflammatory bone resorption in alveolar bone, which may be achieved by reducing the level of IL-1β, indicating that reduction of the level of testosterone in periodontitis patients may be a new treatment target for alveolar bone resorption.

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Clinical study of digital clear aligner treatment of 33 adult periodontal disease patients with malocclusion

HAN Shuang, ZHAO Jun-wei, DA Hai-qin, XIA Ping, QIAN Bi-xuan

2020, 29 (4): 386-389. doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2020.04.010

Abstract ( 363 )

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PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the periodontal status in adult periodontal disease patients with malocclusion treated with digital clear aligners. METHODS: Thirty-three patients with periodontal disease who needed orthodontic treatment were selected. The patients were randomly divided into 2 groups, digital clear aligners group (experimental group, 16 patients) and fixed appliances group (control group, 17 patients). Bleeding index (BI), probing depth(PD), plaque index(PLI) and gingival index(GI) were recorded at baseline and 1, 3, 6 and 9 months during orthodontic treatment. SPSS 17.0 software package was used to analyze and compare the data of periodontal status between two groups. RESULTS: 1, 3, 6, and 9 months after orthodontic treatment, clinical parameters of the control group were significantly higher than baseline(P<0.05). The same measurements of the experimental group showed no significant differences at 1, 3, 6, and 9 months of treatment (P>0.05). After 1, 3, 6, and 9 months of treatment, the clinical parameters of BI, PLI and GI in the experimental group were significantly lower than the control group(P<0.05); PD in the experimental group was smaller than the control group, but there was no significant difference(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with conventional fixed appliance, clear aligner of digitalization can more effectively maintain periodontal heath in adult periodontal disease patients with malocclusion.

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Analysis of osteosclerotic protein expression and bacterial distribution in periodontitis patients at different stages

LIU Wan-jie, ZOU Hui, XIA Chang-pu, WU Zheng-rong, LI Zhao-hui

2020, 29 (4): 390-395. doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2020.04.011

Abstract ( 260 )

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PURPOSE: To investigate the osteosclerin level and bacterial distribution in periodontitis patients at different stages, and to analyze the correlation between osteosclerin and the parameters of conventional periodontal examination. METHODS: Patients with periodontitis admitted to Guangzhou Huadu Maternal and Child Health Hospital from March 2017 to June 2019 were selected and divided into stage Ⅱ group (n=27), stage Ⅲ group (n=42) and stage Ⅳ group (n=22) according to the severity of periodontitis; meanwhile, 30 healthy individuals underwent physical examination in our hospital during the same period were selected as control group. Gingival crevicular fluid and plaque at buccal and lingual sites were collected for bacterial culture. The expression of osteosclerotin in gingival crevicular fluid was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The data were processed by SPSS 23.0 software package. Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between BI grade and osteosclerin, and correlation between PD, CAL and osteosclerin was determined by Pearson analysis. RESULTS: The mean PD and mean CAL of patients in stage Ⅱ group before and after treatment were significantly smaller than those in stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ group (P<0.05). The mean CAL of stage Ⅳ group before treatment was significantly greater than that of stage Ⅲ group (P<0.05). After treatment, the mean PD and mean CAL of three groups were all significantly smaller than those before treatment (P<0.05). The mean PD in stage Ⅲ group was significantly lower than that in stage Ⅳ group after treatment (P<0.05). Before treatment, the proportion of BI grade 2 in stage Ⅱ group was significantly higher than that in stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ group (85.19%, 19.05%, 18.18%, P<0.05). Before treatment, the proportion of BI grade 3 in stage Ⅲ group was significantly higher than that in stage Ⅱ group (64.29%, 14.81%, P<0.05). Before the treatment, the expression of osteosclerosis protein in stage Ⅱ group was significantly lower than that in stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ group (P<0.05). The levels of osteosclerin expression of three groups after treatment were all significantly lower than those before treatment (P<0.05). The expression of osteosclerosis protein in stage Ⅱ group was significantly lower than that in stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ group after treatment (P<0.05). PD, CAL and BI of patients with different stages of periodontitis were positively correlated with osclerosin in gingival crevicular fluid before and after treatment (P<0.05). The number of bacteria detected in stage Ⅳ group was significantly higher than that in stage Ⅲ group and stage Ⅱ group. The main bacteria in each group were anaerobic bacteria. The dominant bacteria were Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Actinobacillus actinomycetes, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Prevotella melaninogenicus. CONCLUSIONS: The expression level of osteosclerosin is closely related to PD, CAL and BI grades in patients with periodontitis, and bacterial colonization levels in gingival crevicular fluid and dental plaque in patients with periodontitis at different stages are different. Detection of osclerosin level and identification of periodontal microorganism culture have high clinical value in clinical diagnosis of periodontitis severity and can provide reference for selection of subsequent treatment plan.

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Effect of parotid sparing intensity modulated radiation therapy on salivary composition, flow and dry mouth prevention

QI Xin, XIE Jing-sheng, WANG Zi-xin

2020, 29 (4): 396-399. doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2020.04.012

Abstract ( 352 )

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PURPOSE: To investigate the changes of salivary composition, flow and dry mouth in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma after parotid sparing modulated radiation therapy. METHODS: One hundred and one patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma who received radiotherapy in Qingyang People's Hospital from May 2016 to November 2018 were selected and divided into intensity modulated radiation group(n=54) and conventional radiation group(n=47) according to different treatment methods. The clinicopathological parameters, parotid uptake index, salivary composition, dry mouth, oropharyngeal symptoms and grading were compared between the two groups. The data were analyzed with SPSS 20.0 software package. RESULTS: The tumor site, TNM stage and differentiation had no significant difference between the two groups(P>0.05). The concentration of total protein, secretory IgA, calcium and phosphorus in saliva of patients in intensity modulated radiation therapy group were significantly higher than those in conventional radiation group(P<0.05). The parotid uptake index, secretion index and salivary flow velocity were significantly decreased in both groups(P<0.05), and were significantly lower in the conventional radiation group than in the intensity modulated radiation group(P<0.05). Dry mouth condition in intensity modulated radiation group was significantly better than that in conventional radiation group(P<0.05). After treatment, the ratio of pharyngalgia and dysphagia patients in the intensity modulated radiation group was significantly lower than that in the conventional radiation group(P<0.05). The degree of oropharyngeal grading in the intensity modulated radiation therapy group was significantly better than that in the conventional radiation group(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The application of parotid sparing retention modulated radiation therapy has little effect on salivary composition, flow rate and dry mouth, and has obvious protective effect on parotid secretion.

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Therapeutic effect of chlorhexidine combined with mechanical debridement on peri-implantitis and its influence on patients' SF-36 score

CHENG Gang, WANG Liu-hong, YANG Hui, LOU Xin-tian, WANG Yi-lin

2020, 29 (4): 400-404. doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2020.04.013

Abstract ( 272 )

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PURPOSE: To study the effect of chlorhexidine combined with mechanical debridement on peri-implant inflammation and the influence on SF-36 score of patients. METHODS: One hundred patients with peri-implantitis admitted to Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital from January 2015 to January 2019 were selected and randomly divided into control group and combined group with 50 cases in each group according to random number table method.Patients in both groups were treated with mechanical debridement, and patients in the combined group were gargled with chlorhexidine gargle apart from mechanical debridement. Plaque biofilm average activity and modified plaque index (mPLI), bleeding on probing (BOP), modified sulcus bleeding index (mSBI), probing the depth (PPD), clinical attachment level(AL) were measured before and after treatment. Sf-36 scale and VAS visual pain score were used to evaluate the quality of life and pain degree of patients, and the therapeutic effect and incidence of complications were assessed. The data were analyzed with SPSS 20.0 software package. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in average activity, mPLI, mSBI, AL, PPD, BOP, VAS and SF-36 scores between the two groups before treatment(P>0.05); after treatment, the average activity, mPLI, mSBI, AL, PPD, BOP and VAS scores of plaque biofilm in the combined group were significantly lower than those of the control group, and the total effective rate of SF-36 score was significantly higher than that of the control group. The total effective rate of the combined group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05). The incidence of complications in the combined group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Chlorhexidine combined with mechanical debridement is an effective treatment of peri-implantitis, which can effectively inhibit plaque biofilm activity and plaque formation, alleviate pain and improve the quality of life of patients.

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Risk factors of dental caries among young children in Pudong New District, Shanghai

WU Ri-yue, CAO Gui-zhi, Vivien FENG, FENG Xi-ping, CHEN Xi, HAN Xiao-lan

2020, 29 (4): 405-409. doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2020.04.014

Abstract ( 209 )

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PORPOSE: To establish a prospective cohort of kindergarten children and longitudinally study the causes of early childhood caries. METHODS: Cluster random sampling was used to select a kindergarten in the urban and suburban areas of Pudong New District of Shanghai, a total of 240 small-class children joined the study. Chi-square test, analysis of variance, binomial logistic regression model and general linear regression model was used to analyze caries of the cohort children at baseline and 1 year after follow-up with SPSS 21.0 software package. RESULTS: In the first two years of this cohort study, the follow-up rate was 88.3%, the caries rate in the first year of baseline and follow-up were 58.3% and 69.8%, and the mean dmft values were 3.1±4.2 and 4.5±4.9, respectively. 56.1% of children had new caries. Logistic regression results showed that children who lived in the suburbs (P=0.010) and ate candy more frequently (P=0.036) had higher rates of new caries. The results of general linear regression equation showed that children in the suburbs (P<0.001), those who did not use fluoridated toothpaste (P=0.003) and those who ate candy more frequently (P=0.002) had higher new mean dmft values. CONCLUSIONS: Living in the suburbs, not using fluoride toothpaste and eating candy more frequently are important risk factors for new caries in preschool children in Pudong New District of Shanghai.

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Effect of invisalign on anterior and posterior upper airway and maxillary bone changes in the treatment of high-angle skeletal Class Ⅱ malocclusion

XIAO Shu-lin, WU Ya-nan, MA Rui, LI Jun-hui

2020, 29 (4): 410-413. doi: 10.19438/j.sjos.2020.04.015

Abstract ( 385 )

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PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of invisalign on anterior and posterior upper airway and maxillary bone changes in the treatment of high-angle skeletal Class II malocclusion. METHODS: Thirty-seven patients with malocclusion undergoing invisible orthodontic treatment in Hospital of Stomatology of Xi'an Jiaotong University from June 2016 to June 2018 were enrolled. Before and 18 months after correction, the correction effect was evaluated. Cone-beam CT (CBCT) was performed to measure the upper airway volume and tongue position. Cephalometric examination was performed to determine the anteroposterious diameter of the upper airway and the position of hyoid bone. The pre-therapy and post-treatment facial profile images of patients and stars were graded by 0-10 numerical rating scale. SPSS 20.0 software package was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: After correction, oropharyngeal volume, glossopharyngeal volume and minimum cross-sectional area of upper airway significantly increased(P<0.05). Sagittal diameter of the upper airway at mandibular plane significantly increased after correction (P<0.05). After correction, ANB angle, GoGn-SN angle, OPP-SN angle, Y-axis angle, UI-SN angle, UI-PP angle, UI-AP angle, and UI-AP distance significantly decreased, SNB angle and UI- LI angle significantly increased(P<0.05). The aesthetics scores of facial profile images significantly increased after correlation(P<0.05), which was significantly lower than that of the stars(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Invisalign can effectively correct open upper airway and malocclusion, achieving better treatment results and satisfactory facial aesthetics effect.

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Clinical study of Bio-Oss powder and Bio-Oss collagen for site preservation during implantology

XU Dan, YAO Chun, GU Min

2020, 29 (4): 414-147. doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2020.04.016

Abstract ( 1090 )

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PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of Bio-Oss bone powder combined with Heal-All Oral repair membrane and Bio-Oss collagen on site preservation during implantology. METHODS: A total of 26 cases were randomly divided into 2 groups. In Bio-Oss bone powder group (13 cases), the sockets were filled with Bio-Oss bone powder, covering with Heal-All Oral repair membrane on the surface. In Bio-Oss collagen group (13 cases), the sockets were filled with Bio-Oss collagen only. The changes in alveolar bone density,height,width and new bone contour were evaluated with cone-beam CT(CBCT) after site preservation. The data were analyzed with SPSS 17.0 software package. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in new bone contour between 2 groups(P>0.05). The changes in height, width and grey level of alveolar bone between the two groups were significantly different after 3 months of follow-up(P<0.01), but the curative effect was similar(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: There is no significant difference in the efficacy of site preservation between the two materials. However, the site preservation technique using collagen is simple, less invasive and less costly.

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Correlation analysis on single nucleotide polymorphism of IL-23 receptor gene to susceptibility and clinical efficacy of recurrent oral ulcer

SUN Hai-tao, FENG Xiao-dong

2020, 29 (4): 418-422. doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2020.04.017

Abstract ( 255 )

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PURPOSE: To investigate the correlation of gene polymorphisms of interleukin-23 receptor (IL-23R) rs11465817 and rs10489629 loci to susceptibility and clinical efficacy of recurrent oral ulcer (ROU). METHODS: A total of 150 ROU patients, who visited Stomatological Department of our hospital from January 2016 to December 2018, were selected as ROU group. A total of 150 healthy subjects who underwent physical examination at the same time in our hospital, were selected as healthy control group. Blood DNA was extracted from all subjects and amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) at sites of IL-23R rs11465817 and rs10489629 loci. The genotyping was determined by electrophoresis after enzymatic digestion of amplified products. Patients with ROU were treated with oral levamisole, vitamin C, vitamin B2 and cetylpyridnium chloride gargle. Ulcer area and pain index were used to evaluate the clinical efficacy before and in the first week after treatment. Correlation on gene polymorphisms of interleukin-23 receptor (IL-23R) rs11465817 and rs10489629 loci to susceptibility and clinical efficacy of ROU was analyzed. SPSS 22.0 software package was used for statistical analysis of the data. RESULTS: Genotyping distribution of IL-23R rs11465817 and il-23r rs10489629 loci in healthy control group met Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P>0.05). Distribution frequency of CC and CA genotypes of IL-23R rs11465817 loci in ROU group was significantly higher than that in healthy control group (P<0.05), and logistic regression analysis showed that ROU risk in patients with CC and CA genotypes was significantly higher (P<0.05). The genotyping frequency of IL-23R rs10489629 loci was not significantly different between both groups (P>0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that genotyping of IL-23R rs10489629 loci was not correlated with ROU sensitivity (P>0.05). The mean ulcer area and VAS score of ROU patients was significantly reduced after treatment (P<0.05). The ulcer area and VAS score in patients with IL-23R rs11465817 loci of AA genotype was significantly lower than that in patients with IL-23R rs11465817 loci of CC or CA genotype (P<0.05). Ulcer area and VAS score in patients with IL-23R rs10489629 locus of each genotype was not significantly different (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Polymorphism of IL-23R rs11465817 loci is probably related to susceptibility and clinical efficacy of ROU, while polymorphism of IL-23R rs 10489629 is not probably related to susceptibility and clinical efficacy of ROU. The results of this study need to be further validated by a clinical study with large sample size.

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Related factors of atrophic glossitis in 124 consecutive cases

DU Hai-xia, WEI Chang-lei, ZHANG Hui, DENG Jing, GUO Yi-qing, ZHENG Wei-ping, YUAN Chang-qing

2020, 29 (4): 423-426. doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2020.04.018

Abstract ( 710 )

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PURPOSE: To study the relationship between atrophic glossitis and anemia, anemia types and other related factors(oral candida infection, xerostomia) in 124 consecutive cases. METHODS: One hundred and twenty-four cases with atrophic glossitis and 53 healthy controls were collected from Qingdao local population. The main indexes including general status, oral examination findings, hemoglobin (Hb), mean red blood cell volume (MCV), vitamin B12, ferritin, folic acid, anemia and anemia type, xerostomia and candida infection were statistically analyzed using SPSS 20.0 software package for Student's t test. RESULTS: Among 124 cases of glossitis group, 48.39% were found with anemia, 41.94% with xerostomia, 79.03% with Candida infection, 29.03% with Vitamin B12 deficiency, 22.58% with ferritin deficiency, 11.29% with folic acid deficiency. The contents of hemoglobin, ferritin and vitamin B12 in glossitis group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05), and the number of glossitis patients with anemia, xerostomia and candida infection were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in folic acid content between the two groups(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Occurrence of atrophic glossitis is closely related to anemia, vitamin B12 deficiency, ferritin deficiency, xerostomia, oral candida infection. There is no correlation with folic acid deficiency. Patients with atrophic glossitis accompanied by anemia have a higher proportion of macrocytic anemia.

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Changes of bone mass after implantation of Bio-Oss bone powder combined with platelet-rich fibrin for guided bone regeneration in alveolar bone defects

HUANG Shao-shao, TAN Rong-cai, KUANG Xiao-lan

2020, 29 (4): 427-430. doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2020.04.019

Abstract ( 281 )

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PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of Bio-Oss bone powder combined with platelet-rich fibrin on bone mass after implantation-guided bone regeneration in alveolar bone defects. METHODS: One hundred and six patients with single anterior tooth loss and labial alveolar bone defect were selected for implant implantation and guided bone regeneration at the same time. Patients in the experimental group (n=53) were treated with Bio-Oss bone powder combined with platelet-rich fibrin and biofilm to guide bone regeneration, while patients in the control group(n=53) were treated with Bio-Oss bone powder combined with biofilm to guide bone regeneration. The success rate of implantation, complication rate, the thickness of labial bone wall and the regeneration of bone defect were observed. Statistical analysis was performed on the data using SPSS 25.0 software package. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the success rate of implants between the two groups(96.23% vs 88.68%, P>0.05). The thickness of the labial bone wall of the experimental group 12 months after implantation was significantly higher than that of the control group[(2.72±0.43) mm vs(2.51±0.36) mm], and the thickness of the labial wall of the implant at different sites was significantly greater than that of the control group(P<0.05). Bleeding index [(0.32±0.02) vs (0.42±0.03)], depth of probing [(3.31±0.69) mm vs (4.32±0.95) mm], loss of attachment [(3.06±0.52) mm vs (5.24±1.35) mm] was significantly smaller in the experimental group than in the control group (P<0.05); bone graft height [(2.61±0.52) mm vs (2.31±0.35) mm], osteogenesis height [(2.59±0.32) mm vs (2.01±0.16) mm] was significantly greater in the experimental group than in the control group(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups(1.89% vs 5.66%, P>0.05).CONCLUSIONS: Bio-Oss bone powder combined with platelet-rich fibrin can reduce bone loss and promote bone defect regeneration after guided bone regeneration.

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Shanghai municipal expert consensus on standardized prevention and control of COVID-19 during procedures of oral radiology

ZHU Ling, WANG Jing-bo, YU Qiang, HUANG Zheng-wei, HAN Fang-kai, LI Sheng-jiao, SHA Yan, SHI Hui-min, HUANG Yuan-liang, YAN Pei-de, DONG Min-jun, FAN Lin-feng, DAI Xiao-qing, TAO Xiao-feng

2020, 29 (4): 431-434. doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2020.04.020

Abstract ( 299 )

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The announcement of National Health Commission on January 20, 2020 (No.1 of 2020) has included novel coronavirus pneumonia into the B class infectious diseases according to the law of the People's Republic of China on the prevention and control of infectious diseases, and has been managed as A class infectious diseases. People's governments at all levels and health administration departments have been paying high attention to it. With the alleviation of COVID-19 nationwide, dental clinics gradually resume to work. The main transmission routes of COVID-19 are respiratory droplets and contact transmission, hence oral radiological examination is kind of a high-risk operation. Standardized radiologic process is of great significance to reduce the risk of COVID-19 transmission. In accordance with the national and Shanghai epidemic prevention requirements, and in combination with the actual situation of various medical institutions, Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Committee of Shanghai Stomatological Association formulated the expert consensus on standardized prevention and control of COVID-19 for clinical reference. This recommendation will be updated according to the situation of epidemic prevention and control in China and the new relevant diagnosis and treatment plans.

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Suggestions for selection and use of masks for dental medical staff during outbreaks of novel coronavirus pneumonia

SONG Jian, LIU Zhi-qing, WANG Qing, ZHU Zhuo-li, GAO Bo, YANG Zheng

2020, 29 (4): 435-439. doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2020.04.021

Abstract ( 826 )

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During the outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP), dentists are at risk for more severe infection due to their professionalism. This article analyzed the route of infection during diagnosis and treatment of oral diseases. Following the related standards and guidelines of National Health Commission, the types, evaluation index and standards of medical and protective masks were summarized. It is expected to provide certain reference for the selection and use of masks of dental medical staff.

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Analysis of implant placement accuracy using freehand in 68 consecutive patients with 97 implants

HAN Xiang-yong, XU Xiao-ming, JU Ya-qiong, TIAN Zhi-juan

2020, 29 (4): 440-444. doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2020.04.022

Abstract ( 281 )

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PURPOSE: To analyze the accuracy of implant position in simple cases by freehand. METHODS: Ninety-seven implants of 68 patients from 3 surgeons were selected.After operation,the deviations of implant position at shoulder apex and angle were measured using cone-beam CT(CBCT).The mean of three parameters were calculated with SPSS 22.0 software package, and the differences were analyzed between three surgeons,three operation areas,free-end missing and non free-end missing. RESULTS: The deviations of 97 implants were (0.76±0.57)mm,(1.41±0.90)mm,(4.76±3.68)° at shoulder, apex and angle.The deviation of shoulder apex and angle between three surgeons was significantly different(P<0.05). The deviations between left and right group were not significantly different (P>0.05); the deviations between anterior group and left group were significantly different(P<0.05); the deviations between anterior group and right group were not significantly different(P>0.05). The deviation of shoulder between free-end missing area and non free-end missing area was significantly different(P<0.05),other parameters between the two groups were not significantly different(P>0.05).CONCLUSIONS: The deviation of implant placement between surgical guide and mental guide were similar in simple cases. The experience of surgeon was important during freehand implant placement. The deviations were lower when missing tooth is in anterior area than in posterior area, whereas the same at shoulder in non free-end missing area than in free-end missing area.

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A comparative study of silicon rubber impression and intraoral scanning impression in oral clinical teaching

LIU Jing, SUN Xiao-shuai, ZHANG Ruo-tong, WANG Bao, WU Chun-lan, YE Li-juan, YU De-dong

2020, 29 (4): 445-448. doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2020.04.023

Abstract ( 914 )

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PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to assess and compare patient satisfaction and time required between silicon rubber impression and intraoral scanning impression. METHODS: Six undergraduates participated in this study. silicon rubber impression and intraoral scanning impression were taken, the time required to obtain the impressions and the scores of visual analog scale(VAS) were recorded. SPSS 23.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The time and patients satisfaction of silicon rubber impression were better than intraoral scanning impressions, and there were significant differences between the two groups(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Using silicon rubber impression, the patient experience is better. To use intraoral scanning impression technology, dentists should be more skilled. With the role-playing method,dental interns can learn the operation key points and precautions of different impression-taking methods even better.

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