上海口腔医学

上海口腔医学 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (6): 568-571.doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2023.06.002

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

茎乳孔及其与周围骨性结构关系的应用解剖

秦泗佳1,2, 刘焕琦1, 张雨晴1, 王丹杨1, 黄硕1, 王峰1, 刘昌奎1   

  1. 1.西安医学院 口腔医学院,陕西 西安 710075;
    2.牙颌面组织再生与修复研究中心,陕西 西安 710075
  • 收稿日期:2022-09-18 修回日期:2022-11-10 出版日期:2023-12-15 发布日期:2024-01-12
  • 通讯作者: 刘昌奎,E-mail: dentistlck@126.com
  • 作者简介:秦泗佳（1985-）,男,副主任医师,副教授,E-mail: 2004075332@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    陕西省科技创新团队（2022TD-54）; 西安医学院教育教学改革研究项目（2020JG-37）; 西安医学院振兴计划人才基金项目（2018XNRC07）

Applied anatomy of the stylomastoid foramina and its relation to the surrounding bone structures

QIN Si-jia1,2, LIU Huan-qi1, ZHANG Yu-qing1, WANG Dan-yang1, HUANG Shuo1, WANG Feng1, LIU Chang-kui1   

  1. 1. Stomatological College of Xi'an Medical University. Xi'an 710075;
    2. Dental and Maxillofacial Tissue Regeneration and Repair Research Center of Xi'an Medical University. Xi'an 710075, Shaanxi Province, China
  • Received:2022-09-18 Revised:2022-11-10 Online:2023-12-15 Published:2024-01-12

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摘要： 目的: 研究茎乳孔与周围骨性结构的关系,为临床手术提供参考。方法: 选取62例成人完整干燥颅骨,观察茎乳孔形状,用游标卡尺等测量茎乳孔孔径、后外点和前内点到周围骨性结构的距离。采用SPSS 25.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果: 茎乳孔可见4种形态,即圆形（61.29%）、卵圆形（29.84%）、不规则形（8.06%）和三角形（0.81%）。圆形孔径（2.80±0.61） mm,卵圆形长径和短径为（4.43±0.96）和（2.79±0.60） mm。茎乳孔后外点和前内点到颈动脉管外口后外点、颈静脉孔前内点、中线、枕骨大孔最前点、腭大孔后点、破裂孔后外点、卵圆孔后外点、棘孔后外点、茎突根前点、鼓乳裂最外点和乳突尖的距离分别为（16.10±2.81）、（24.01±2.65）、（44.95±3.24）、（45.10±2.71）、（61.66±4.14）、（35.56±4.35）、（32.26±2.85）、（29.12±3.40）、（10.39±3.25）、（9.49±2.24）和（12.01±2.79） mm,（12.80±2.41）、（21.56±2.51）、（42.96±3.97）、（42.91±2.76）、（58.97±3.97）、（32.98±4.14）、（29.20±2.77）、（25.80±2.87）、（7.37±2.33）、（11.42±2.00）和（15.41±2.57） mm。经统计学分析,上述左、右两侧各孔径和距离差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论: 茎乳孔以圆形和卵圆形居多,明确该孔与周围骨性结构的距离,有利于指导临床手术。

关键词: 茎乳孔, 颈动脉管外口, 颈静脉孔, 破裂孔

Abstract: PURPOSE: To study the relationship between the stylomastoid foramen and surrounding bony structures, enrich anatomical data and provide reference for clinical surgery. METHODS: A total of 62 intact and dry adult skulls were selected. The shape of the stylomastoid foramen was observed, the diameter of the stylomastoid foramen, the distances from the posterolateral point and the anterior medial point to the surrounding bony structures were measured with a vernier caliper. SPSS 25.0 software package was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: There were four shapes of stylomastoid foramen, i.e., circular (61.29%), oval (29.84%), irregular (8.06%) and triangular (0.81%). The circular diameter was (2.80±0.61) mm, the oval long and short diameters were (4.43±0.96) and (2.79±0.60) mm. Distances from the posterolateral and anterior medial points of the stylomastoid foramen to the posterolateral point of the external opening of the carotid canal, the anterior medial point of the jugular foramen, the midline, the most anterior point of the foramen magnum, the posterior point of the great palatine foramen, the posterolateral point of the foramen lacerated, the foramen ovale, the posterolateral point of the foramen spinosum, the anterior point of the styloid process root, the outermost point of the tympanomastoid fissure and the tip of the mastoid process were (16.10±2.81), (24.01±2.65), (44.95±3.24), (45.10±2.71), (61.66±4.14), (35.56±4.35), (32.26±2.85), (29.12±3.40), (10.39±3.25), (9.49±2.24) and (12.01±2.79) mm; (12.80±2.41), (21.56±2.51), (42.96±3.97), (42.91±2.76), (58.97±3.97), (32.98±4.14), (29.20±2.77), (25.80±2.87), (7.37±2.33), (11.42±2.00) and (15.41±2.57) mm, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the apertures and distances between the left and right side(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Most of the stylomastoid foramen are round and oval, understanding the distance between the foramen and surrounding bony structures is helpful for guiding clinical operations and enriching anatomical knowledge.

Key words: Stylomastoid foramen, External opening of carotid canal, Jugular foramen, Foramen lacerated

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