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25 October 2017, Volume 26 Issue 5 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Effect of icraiin on turnover of alveolar bone during orthodontic tooth movement in rats YANG Pan-pan, WANG Xu-xia, CHEN Yun, WANG Qian-qian, WANG Ying-zi, ZHANG Jun 2017, 26 (5):  465-470.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2017.05.001 Abstract ( 239 )   PDF (5107KB) ( 229 )   PURPOSE: To observe the effect of icariin on turnover of paradentium as well as the mechanism of effects on osteoclast during orthodontic tooth movement in rats. METHODS: Forty-right SD rats were used to establish animal models of OTM and divided into two groups randomly: the control group and the experimental group. Rats in the experimental group were given 20 mg/（kg·d） icariin by intragastric administration, while rats in the control group received solvent with the same volume. The rats were sacrificed in batch on the 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day after orthodontic treatment. The amount of tooth movement was measured, and histomorphometric analysis based on slices from periodontium adjacent to the maxillary first molars was used to observe new bone formation, bone resorption and quantify osteoclasts. Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS 16.0 software package. RESULTS: The movement distance of the first molar was significantly larger in the icariin group than that in the control group (P<0.05). In the icariin group, the number of osteoclasts was significantly higher than the control group at the 7th day and then demonstrated a steady decrease. CONCLUSIONS: Icariin could accelerate OTM in rats through promoting bone turnover of alveolar bone. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of miR-21 in promoting angiogenesis differentiation of umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells in vitro TIAN Zhong-kui, LIU Lin, CHEN Dong-lei, WANG Pei, XU Jing-ming, TANG Yi, TANG Chun-bo 2017, 26 (5):  471-475.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2017.05.002 Abstract ( 186 )   PDF (3624KB) ( 187 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of miR-21 on promoting vascular differentiation of umbilical cord blood derived mesenchymal stem cells (UCBMSCs) in vitro. METHODS: UCBMSCs (from Stem Cell Bank of Tongji University) were cultured; Lenti-LacZ-Luciferase and Lenti-miR-21-Luciferase Lentiviral vector were reconstructed; Real-time fluorescence quantification PCR and Western blot were performed to detect the expression of key angiogenic factors at 0, 1, 4, 7 and 14 d after target gene was transduced into UCBMSCs; UCBMSCs of the third generation were transduced with Lenti-LacZ-Luciferase and Lenti-miR-21- Luciferase; matrigel tube assay was performed to observe the tube-like structure under microscope. The data were statistically analyzed using Student's t test and variance analysis with SPSS13.0 software package. RESULTS: UCBMSCs were successfully cultured; The results of qPCR and Western blot showed the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF in miR-21 group significantly increased at 4 d and continued until 7 d and 14 d; Matrigel results showed the tubular structures in Lenti-miR-21-Luciferase group were more than other groups both in amount and in length. CONCLUSIONS: MiR-21 can promote vascular differentiation of UCBMSCs. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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miRNA profile of the human dental pulp cells during odontoblast differentiation induced by BMP-2 BAO Li-rong, ZHAO Wen-qing, LIN Tian, LU Yan-ling, WU Yu 2017, 26 (5):  476-483.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2017.05.003 Abstract ( 260 )   PDF (5057KB) ( 170 )   PURPOSE: To screen and verify the differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) during the differentiation of human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) to odontoblasts induced by BMP-2. METHODS: The isolated hDPCs were cultured in vitro and induced by BMP-2. The levels of ALP, DMP-1 and DSPP were quantified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The potential characteristics of hDPCs were investigated by miRNA microarray and highly expressed miRNAs were selected with bio-information software for predicting target genes and their biological functions. Then the results were validated using qRT-PCR analysis for the selected miRNAs. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 18.0 software package. RESULTS: The expression of ALP, DSPP, and DMP-1 showed significantly higher levels in BMP-2 induced groups compared to the control group(P<0.05). A total of 36 miRNAs were changed (i.e. 20 miRNAs were up-regulated and 16 were down-regulated). The results of qRT-PCR were consistent with the microarray results. GO categories revealed that they were mainly associated with biological process(37.8%), cellular component (29%), molecular function(33%), while the function of other 0.2% genes remained unknown. CONCLUSIONS: This study identified differential expression of miRNAs in BMP-2-induced odontoblastic differentiation of hDPCs, thus contributing to further investigations of regulatory mechanisms and biological effect of target genes in BMP-2-induced odontoblastic differentiation of hDPCs. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis and prevention of dust pollution caused by 5 common prosthetic materials YANG Xiang-wen, ZHU Cao-yun, QIAN Liang, LI Yi-han, ZHANG Fei-fei, WEI Bin 2017, 26 (5):  484-487.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2017.05.004 Abstract ( 526 )   PDF (3103KB) ( 191 )   PURPOSE: To analyze and evaluate dust pollution in prosthodontic clinic and make proposal for reasonable protection. METHODS: This study analyzed the particle size, element composition and dust concentration of 5 materials which were commonly used in dental restorations (veneering ceramics, cobalt-chromium alloy, photosensitive plastic, hard base resin, advanced artificial teeth) by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray energy dispersive spectrometer（EDS） and dust concentration laser tester, in order to assess the effects of prosthodontic dust posed on medical staff health and put forward reasonable suggestions for prevention and control of dust pollution. RESULTS: The particle size of veneering ceramics, cobalt-chromium alloy, photosensitive plastic, hard base resin and advanced artificial teeth was (2.15±3.00), (33.78±24.33), (7.78±11.86), (31.16±44.35) and (28.45±39.21)μm, respectively. The time weighted average respirable dust concentration of veneering ceramics was 0.393 mg/m2 which was beyond the scope of national security. CONCLUSIONS: Dust pollution is serious in prosthodontic clinic to which we should pay more attention and take appropriate prevention measures. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Antimicrobial effect of a new bio-ceramic material iRoot FM on Porphyromonas endodontalis BI Jing, LIU Yao, CHEN Xu 2017, 26 (5):  488-491.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2017.05.005 Abstract ( 390 )   PDF (2978KB) ( 178 )   PURPOSE: To compare the antimicrobial effect of a new bio-ceramic material iRoot FM with traditional intracanal medicaments including calcium hydroxide and triple antibiotic paste (TAP), on Porphyromonas endodontalis (P. endodontalis), and to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of iRoot FM, providing reference for clinical use of intracanal medicaments. METHODS: P. endodontalis ATCC 35406 were used in this study. The study was divided into 3 experimental groups including iRoot FM, and TAP group. Sterile water was used as blank control. Frozen P. endodontalis were seeded and grown overnight in the liquid medium, then P. endodontalis were seeded on BHI-blood agar plates. After the plates were dried, the materials were filled on the plates which were made by a punching machine. Zones of inhibition (mm) were measured after 72 h of anaerobic incubation at 37℃. The experimental data were analyzed statistically using SPSS 17.0 software package. RESULTS: The zones of inhibition in the 3 experimental groups: iRoot FM, and TAP group were (20.74±4.35)mm, (24.89±3.84)mm and (34.51±1.20)mm, respectively. The zones of inhibition of the iRoot FM group and group were significantly smaller compared with the TAP group (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference between the iRoot FM group and Ca(OH)2 groups (P>0.05). There were no zone of inhibition in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: As a new bio-ceramic material, iRoot FM shows a good antimicrobial activity against P. endodontalis and may be a promising intracanal material. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of the thickness of reinforced glass ceramics on the degree of conversion of dual-cure resin cements ZHU Lin-lin, QIU Li-hong, LIU Li-yang, LI Xiao-lin 2017, 26 (5):  492-497.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2017.05.006 Abstract ( 180 )   PDF (4194KB) ( 175 )   PURPOSE: To determine the effect of the thickness of reinforced glass ceramics on the degree of conversion (DC) of three dual-cure resin cements (Multilink N, RelyX Ultimate and NX3-Nexus). METHODS: Upcera reinforced glass ceramics and IPS e.max CAD test specimen were processed, with different thickness, transmittance was tested by ultraviolet and visible spectrometer. The DC was evaluated using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer, then the degree of conversion of polymerization before and after curing was calculated. SPSS 21.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: Transmittance decreased along with the thickness of reinforced glass ceramics increased. At 2 mm -thickness transmittance of upcera lithium disilicate glass ceramics was superior to IPS e.max CAD. The DC of dual-cured resin cement was decreased with the increase of thickness. At the same 2 mm group, the DC of Multilink N and RelyX Ultimate under upcera lithium disilicate glass ceramics were superior to that under IPS e.max CAD groups. CONCLUSIONS: At 2 mm-thickness transmittance of upcera lithium disilicate glass ceramics was superior to IPS e.max CAD. At the same 2 mm group, the DC of Multilink N and RelyX Ultimate under upcera lithium disilicate glass ceramics were superior to that under IPS e.max CAD groups. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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SiRNA silencing Rsk2 gene expression inhibits proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells DU Li, CAO Wei-jing, WANG Yuan-ming 2017, 26 (5):  498-503.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2017.05.007 Abstract ( 197 )   PDF (4327KB) ( 159 )   PURPOSE: To study the effect of ribosomal S6 kinase (Rsk2) gene on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) and underlying mechanism. METHODS: Premolar surgically extracted were collected, the periodontal ligament was separated and hPDLCs were primarily cultured. Cells of 4 to 6 passage were used in the experiment. The silencing efficiency of small interfering RNA (siRNA) on Rsk2 in hPDLCs was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. MTT assay was used to detect the effect of Rsk2 siRNA on cell proliferation. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) kit was used to detect ALP activity. P38MAPK signal pathway inhibitor SB203580 was used to detect hPDLCs after transfection. Western blot was used to detect the effect of Rsk2 siRNA on MAPK signaling pathway p38 protein phosphorylation. The expressions of Runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx2), osteocalcin (OCN) and osteogenic protein BMP2 were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. The data were analyzed using SPSS18.0 software package. RESULTS: The expression of Rsk2 was down-regulated by hPDLCs transfected with Rsk2 siRNA, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Rsk2 siRNA significantly reduced phosphorylation of p38 protein (P<0.05), inhibition of hPDLCs proliferation (P<0.05), decreased ALP activity (P<0.01); the expression of Runx2, OCN and BMP2 was different, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). After SB203580 treatment, hPDLCs transfected with Rsk2 siRNA showed increased cell proliferation, ALP activity, Runx2, OCN and BMP2 expression; compared with Rsk2 siRNA transfected hPDLCs, the difference was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Rsk2 siRNA inhibits hPDLCs proliferation and osteogenic differentiation through p38MAPK signaling pathway. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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CCN3 regulates the proliferation and apoptosis in periodontal ligament fibroblasts LI Feng-xia, WANG Jun, MA Yu-yun 2017, 26 (5):  504-509.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2017.05.008 Abstract ( 214 )   PDF (4474KB) ( 193 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of CCN3 on proliferation and apoptosis in periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLFs) and related mechanism. METHODS: Recombinant vector pcDNA.3.1-CCN3 was constructed and transfected into human PDLFs to overexpress CCN3. CCN3 siRNA was transfected to inhibit CCN3. Fra-1 siRNA was transfected into the PDLFs with CCN3 inhibition to realize the inhibition of CCN3 and Fra-1 in the meantime. mRNA expressions of CCN3 and Fra-1 were measured by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The protein expressions of CCN3, Fra-1and Bcl-2 were detected by Western blot. Cell growth and viability and proliferation of PDLFs were measured by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) assays; Caspase-3 activity was tested by using the available kit. The data were analyzed with SPSS20.0 software package. RESULTS: The results showed that the mRNA (P<0.05) and protein (P<0.05) expressions of CCN3 were significantly up-regulated in the experimental group of pcDNA.3.1-CCN3 transfection. In addition, the mRNA (P<0.05) and protein (P<0.05) expressions of CCN3 were significantly decreased in the experimental group of CCN3 siRNA transfection. Cell growth (P<0.05) and viability, proliferation (P<0.05) and Bcl-2 (P<0.05) protein expression were increased, while caspase-3 activity (P<0.05) decreased in the PDLFs with CCN3 inhibition. However, CCN3 overexpression exhibited reversed effect. CCN3 overexpression or inhibition could remarkably constrain (P<0.05) or promote (P<0.01) the expression of Fra-1, respectively. Moreover, co-inhibition of CCN3 and Fra-1 could promote apoptosis (P<0.01) and inhibit proliferation (P<0.05) in PDLFs. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that inhibition of CCN3 could accelerate proliferation and constrain apoptosis via up-regulating expression of Fra-1 in PDLFs. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A survey on general knowledge and influencing factors of dental aesthetics among three universities students in Fuzhou city YU Hao, CHENG Shao-long, ZHOU Jia-yi, CHENG Hui 2017, 26 (5):  510-515.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2017.05.009 Abstract ( 193 )   PDF (4268KB) ( 224 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the general knowledge of dental aesthetics among three universities students in Fuzhou city and the factors influencing their satisfaction with general dental appearance and the color of anterior teeth. METHODS: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted on 506 university students in Fuzhou city to identify their general knowledge of dental aesthetics. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the factors influencing the study populations' satisfaction with dental appearance and the color of anterior teeth with SPSS 13.0 software package. RESULTS: The 506 respondents consisted of 220 males (43.5%) and 286 females (56.5%), with a mean age of 22.65 years (SD=1.95). 53.6% of these participants were not satisfied with their dental appearance, 57.2% were not satisfied with the color of their anterior teeth. The majority of the participants (66%) chose tooth bleaching as the most desired treatment to improve their dental appearance. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that respondents' dissatisfaction with dental appearance was significantly associated with gender (OR=1.94, 95% CI: 1.03-3.68), the opinion that their teeth were irregular (OR=2.70, 95% CI: 1.61-4.54) and unhappiness with anterior teeth color (OR=4.27; 95% CI: 2.47-7.33). The results also indicated that respondents' dissatisfaction with the color of anterior teeth was significantly associated with the professional learning experience of dentistry (OR=0.26, 95% CI: 1.61-4.54) and gender (OR=1.76, 95% CI: 1.05-2.96). CONCLUSIONS: Most of the respondents in this study are not satisfied with their dental appearance is the color of anterior teeth. Tooth bleaching is the treatment most desired by the participants. Tooth color is one of the most important factors determining whether respondents are satisfied with their dental appearance. Females pay a greater attention to dental aesthetics than males. Over one year professional learning experience of dentistry is the protective factor of respondents' satisfaction with the color of their anterior teeth. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Development of a quality of life instrument for evaluation of the quality of life scale for Chinese patients with oral cancer YANG Yan-jie, QIN Shuai-hua, LI Wen-lu 2017, 26 (5):  516-520.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2017.05.010 Abstract ( 379 )   PDF (3586KB) ( 261 )   PURPOSE: To develop a quality of life instrument for Chinese patients with oral cancer and to assess its reliability, validity and sensitivity. METHODS: A 44-item QOL questionnaire was developed with reference to the 36-item medical outcomes study on short-form health status (SF-36) and University of Washington Quality of Life Questionnaire (UW-QOL), combining with China's population and socio-cultural characteristics, named as Zhengzhou university oral cancer quality of life (ZZU-QOL) scale. Based on 271 patients, student's t test, correlation analysis, factor analysis were performed for its reliability and validity using SPSS 19.0 software package. RESULTS: Test-retest reliability: in all areas and for total score between 2 measurements of the correlation coefficient in the range of 0.86-1.00, there was no significant difference. Homogeneity reliability: Cornbrash'a coefficient in all fields was larger than 0.6, indicating the scale had good reliability. Construct validity: ZZU-QOL, SF-36 analysis and UW-QOL scale factor selected by the first seven cumulative contribution factor variance were 69.3%, 63.4% and 66.5%. The criterion validity with SF-36 and UW-QOL was 0.768 and 0.634, respectively. The ZZU-QOL scale can sensitively distinguish differences in preoperative and postoperative quality of life of oral cancer. CONCLUSIONS: The ZZU-QOL scale is practical, reliable and valid, and might be used for measuring the quality of life in Chinese patients with oral cancer. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Alteration of Th17 cells, immunoglobins and complements levels in peripheral blood of patients with refractory recurrent aphthous ulcer ZOU Li-lin, WANG Wen-mei, LIU Ya-jing, JIANG Ting-wang, WANG Bei-li 2017, 26 (5):  521-525.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2017.05.011 Abstract ( 184 )   PDF (3474KB) ( 198 )   PURPOSE: To observe the levels of Th17 cells, immunoglobins and complements in peripheral blood of patients with refractory recurrent aphthous ulcer (refractory RAU) patients. METHODS: Totally, 30 patients with refractory RAU and 21 healthy controls were enrolled into this study. Flow cytometry was performed to determine the frequency of Th17 cells in the peripheral blood. Immune scatter turbidimetry was adopted to measure the levels of IgA, IgG, IgM, IgE, C3 and C4 in the peripheral blood. Meanwhile, the correlations between the frequency of Th17 cells and the levels of immunoglobins or complements were analyzed. SPSS17.0 software package was used to analyze the date. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the percentage of Th17 cells (CD3+CD8-IL17+) in all CD4+T cells was significantly increased in the refractory RAU group (P<0.01). Similarly, the levels of IgG, IgA, IgE in the refractory RAU group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05),but there was no significant difference in the levels of IgM, C3 and C4 between the refractory RAU group and control group. There was negative correlation between the frequency of Th17 cells and the level of IgA (r=-0.477, P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The levels of Th17 cells, immunoglobins and complements in refractory RAU patients are significantly different from healthy human, which may play an important role in the pathogenesis of refractory RAU. There may be some relationship between Th17 cells and the change of humoral immunity in refractory RAU. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Measurement of anterior teeth widths in 236 Uygur teenagers ZHANG Shuang, CAI Tian-heng, MI Cong-bo 2017, 26 (5):  526-529.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2017.05.012 Abstract ( 215 )   PDF (2950KB) ( 181 )   PURPOSE: In order to provide reference for orthodontic and esthetic dentistry, we measured anterior teeth widths, and analyzed the ratio between the teeth in 236 Uygur teenagers. METHODS: Two hundred and thirty-six samples were selected from Uygur population,Vernier calipers was used to measure the widths of the anterior teeth. SPSS21.0 software package was used for independent sample t test, paired t test and REG regression. RESULTS: Except for mandibular lateral incisors, significant difference was observed in anterior teeth widths between males and females, the ratio between the upper and lower central incisors in males was nearly 1.618; the ratio between upper central incisor and lower central incisor, upper central incisor and lower lateral incisor, upper canine and lower lateral incisor in females was not approaching 1.618, i.e. There was no "golden proportion". There was significant correlation between anterior teeth of Ugyur teenagers. CONCLUSIONS: No "golden proportion" was found in anterior teeth widths of Ugyur teenagers, but a specific ratio exists. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of upper airway dimension among adolescent patients with different sagittal skeletal patterns by cone-beam CT HU Xiao-bei, ZHANG Kun, WANG Da-wei, LEI Lang 2017, 26 (5):  530-534.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2017.05.013 Abstract ( 325 )   PDF (3699KB) ( 215 )   PURPOSE: To analyze whether upper airway dimensions were influenced by different sagittal skeletal pattern among adolescent patients. METHODS: Seventy-five adolescent patients were divided into 3 groups based on their ANB angles.The three groups were matched for age and sex. All subjects had a normodivergent skeletal pattern.Airway lengths, cross-sectional measurements and volumes were measured by using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) volume scans, and two-dimensional lateral cephalograms were created and analyzed. Airway lengths, cross-sectional measurements and volumes were compared among 3 groups. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 22.0 software package. RESULTS: No significant difference among the three groups was found in Anp, Lnp, Lvp, Lgp and Lhp cross-sectional areas of the airway. The glossopharynx volume was smaller in Class Ⅱ[(2.34±0.79)mLthan in Class Ⅲ[(3.18±0.63)mLpatients(P<0.05). Total upper airway volume in Class Ⅱ[(13.89±2.51)mLpatients was smaller than in Class Ⅰ[(16.48±4.41)mLand Ⅲ[(17.47±3.55)mLpatients(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Upper airway volume is significantly reduced in Class Ⅱ sagittal skeletal pattern, leading to a higher risk of obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of the accuracy of measuring root canal working length in 3 different ways LU Chang-xi, ZHU Ya-qin 2017, 26 (5):  535-538.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2017.05.014 Abstract ( 386 )   PDF (2835KB) ( 202 )   PURPOSE: To compare the accuracy of measuring root canal working length with two different electronic apex locators and digital X-ray. METHODS: Ninety patients treated from January 2015 to June 2016 were selected, 232 root canals in total were randomly divided into 3 groups: X-ray group, Raypex5 group and i-root group. The accuracy of working length measured was assessed according to the filling quality of related main tips. The data were analyzed with SPSS19.0 software package for Chi-square test. RESULTS: The success rates for root canal filling of X-ray group, Raypex5 group and i-root group were 88.5%, 92.9% and 96.1% respectively with no significant difference between 3 groups (P>0.05). The success rates for root canal filling of molar teeth, premolar teeth and front teeth were 92.5%, 96.6% and 95.2% respectively with no significant difference between the 3 groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The clinical effect of Raypex 5 and i-root electronic apex locators for working length measuring is similar to that of conventional X-ray, but the use of electronic apex locators can avoid unnecessary ionizing radiation and improve clinical efficiency. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment of an evidence-based protocol for tracheotomy care in adult patients WANG Hui-fen, YU Lei-lei, RUAN Hong, HU Jia-le, YUAN Wei-jun, JIANG Li-li, HAO Gui-hua 2017, 26 (5):  539-544.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2017.05.015 Abstract ( 217 )   PDF (4088KB) ( 201 )   PURPOSE: To establish a clinical practice protocol for tracheotomy care of adult patients. METHODS: Though constructive document retrieval, personnel interview and brain-storming, protocol draft was constructed. Delphi method was used in the study, and the final protocol was based on two rounds of consultation among 15 experts from 10 tertiary general hospitals. SPSS 16.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The effective rates of two rounds of questionnaire were 100% and 93.3%, the authority coefficient was 0.83, and the P value of expert coordination coefficients W was less than 0.05. The final evidence-based protocol for tracheotomy care in adult patients consists of 5 sections, 16 dimensions and 61 items. CONCLUSIONS: The evidence-based tracheotomy care protocol was combined with Chinese clinical status and experts' opinion. The protocol was scientific and credible, which may play an important role in clinical practice. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of age on the effectiveness of revascularization in immature permanent teeth CAI Wen-feng, LI Song, XIE Ling, YAO Li-li, WANG Chun-hong, REN Zhong-hong 2017, 26 (5):  545-548.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2017.05.016 Abstract ( 268 )   PDF (2950KB) ( 221 )   PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of age on the potential of dental pulp regeneration in young permanent teeth with periapical periodontitis. METHODS: A total of 30 mandibular premolars from 9-18 years old patients with pulp necrosis were divided into 2 groups, group A (younger age group): 9-13 years old, and group B (older age group): 14-18 years old. Revascularization procedures were performed for all patients. Follow-up was done for up to 18 months. Standardized radiographs of cone-beam CT (CBCT) were digitally evaluated for increase in root length and thickness. The data were analyzed by nonparametric two sample rank sum test using SPSS13.0 software package. RESULTS: After 18 months of follow-up, the clinical symptoms of the two groups disappeared. The cure rate of group A was significantly higher than that of group B (P=0.003). Radiographic analysis showed that the root length and root canal wall thickness in group A was significantly greater than those in group B (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Root canal revascularization can be widely used in the treatment of dental pulp necrosis in young permanent teeth. The closer the age is to the eruption time, the higher the potential of dental pulp regeneration, and the more suitable for root canal revascularization. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on hepatitis B virus in saliva of dental patients ZHU Ya-ping, GUO Jian-qing 2017, 26 (5):  549-552.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2017.05.017 Abstract ( 403 )   PDF (2795KB) ( 174 )   PURPOSE: To compare the detection rate of HBV antigens in different samples, and to explore the significance of saliva transmission in the spread of HBV. METHODS: Eight hundred and ninety-one ordinary saliva samples, 578 bloody saliva samples and 450 serum samples of dental patients were collected from Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital and Dahua Hospital, and HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBeAb and HBcAb were detected by ELISA method. SPSS19.0 software package was used for chi-square test. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in gender, age and household registration between three types of saliva sample: ordinary saliva, bloody saliva and serum (P>0.05). Eight, 11 and 12 of HBV-M combination modes were detected from the above three samples. Six "HHAs" were detected from the normal saliva samples (0.67%), and the detection rate was similar to bloody saliva samples (0.87%) and serum samples (1.56%) (P>0.05). HBsAg detection rate in serum samples was significantly higher than bloody saliva and ordinary saliva (P<0.001). The difference between ordinary saliva and bloody saliva and between different age-group, sex-group, and census register group in serum samples was of no significant difference (P>0.05), and so was HBeAg. CONCLUSIONS: Saliva is an important transmission route of hepatitis B, and should be taken seriously. When the infectivity is strong, the virus content in saliva is high. Hepatitis B virus in saliva may come from other than sources except blood. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of the incidence of recurrent oral ulcer and the relationship with type A personality in medical college students ZHENG Ya-nan, TAO Jun, GONG Xi, TANG Hong 2017, 26 (5):  553-556.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2017.05.018 Abstract ( 234 )   PDF (2582KB) ( 152 )   PURPOSE: To explore the incidence of recurrent oral ulcer and the relationship with A personality, and to provide evidences for making strategies for oral health education and premunition in universities. METHODS: Stratified cluster sampling was used to select 492 college students in Gannan Medical University. They were investigated with the question about occurrence of recurrent oral ulcers in the past year and the questionnaire of type A behavior. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, t test and Logistic test using SPSS 19.0 software package. RESULTS: The results showed that only 109(22.15%) students had no recurrent oral ulcer. The proportion of type A personality students were significantly higher than M and type B students. Students with or without recurrent oral ulcer in the past year had significant difference in TH+CH(t=4.596,P<0.001),TH (t=4.145,P<0.001), CH(t=3.781,P<0.001).The risk factors of recurrent oral ulcer with college students was type A personality(OR=2.322,CI=1.355-3.980,P=0.002). CONCLUSIONS: College students have a higher incidence of recurrent oral ulcer. Type A personality is one of the important factors for recurrent oral ulcer in college students. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Short-term effect of ibuprofen on clinical indexes and cytokines in the gingival crevicular fluid of patients with severe chronic periodontitis SUN Xiao-na, SONG Ai-mei, YANG Pi-shan 2017, 26 (5):  557-560.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2017.05.019 Abstract ( 307 )   PDF (3039KB) ( 162 )   PURPOSE: To explore the short-term effects of ibuprofen on clinical indexes and cytokines in the gingival crevicular fluid of patients with severe chronic periodontitis. METHODS: Twenty subjects with severe chronic periodontitis but otherwise healthy participated in the study and they were divided into two groups randomly. The patients in the experimental group took ibuprofen 300mg, bid for 5 days after scaling and root planing (SRP), while patients in the control group only underwent SRP. Clinical indexes were recorded at baseline, 1 w, 2 w, 4 w, respectively. Meanwhile, the levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) in the gingival crevicular fluid were detected. SPSS 17.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: At each time point, both the clinical data and the levels of TNF-α, RANKL, OPG and RANKL/OPG between the experimental group and the control group were not statistically significant (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We can't disclose the positive effect of ibuprofen's short-term oral administration on the treatment of severe chronic periodontitis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Use of visual analogue scale and pain-related factors to evaluate the impact of different orthodontic forces on human dental pulp in patients who underwent fixed dental treatment CHEN Wan-hong, CAI Shi-xiong, SUN Yu-huan 2017, 26 (5):  561-564.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2017.05.020 Abstract ( 180 )   PDF (2927KB) ( 143 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the role of visual analogue scale (VAS) and pain-related factors, like tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-8 (IL- 8), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) in evaluation of the impact of different orthodontic forces on human dental pulp in patients who underwent fixed dental treatment. METHODS: From January 2014 to April 2015, 156 patients with maxillary bilateral premolar treated with tooth fixed were randomly divided into 4 groups, 42 patients in control group, 40 patients in 100 g-force group, 40 patients in 150 g-force group, and 39 in 200 g-force group. VAS was used to evaluate before and after removed. TNF-α, IL-8, IL-6 and IL-1β in pulp tissues were measured by ELISA and pathological changes of pulp were observed on HE staining sections. The data were analyzed with SPSS 13.0 software package. RESULTS: Except for the control group, all patients in other groups had pain after 1-7 days, and the pain peaked at 3~5 days. The pain reaction disappeared on 10th day, and VAS increased in a force dependent manner (P<0.05). TNF-α, IL-8, IL-6 and IL-1β were higher in different force groups than in control group after 1~2 weeks of treatment, and in a force dependent manner (P<0.05). After 3~4 weeks, the expression of IL-8, IL-6 and IL-1β returned to normal (P> 0.05). Except for the control group, blood vessels on the pulp tissue increased and thickened at 1 week after application of force. Occasionally, odontoblast nucleus was enlarged and the nuclear chromatin and cytoplasmic basophilic staining were enhanced, some odontoblasts displayed vacuolar degeneration, connective tissue in the central pulp presented edema; with the increase of applied force, the changes above mentioned became more obvious, in a force dependent way. CONCLUSIONS: The larger the sustained force, the pain, pain-related factors and pathological changes became more obvious, but restored to normal within 3 weeks. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on development time of mandibular permanent teeth with Demirjian method in 928 children FEI Yue, WANG Jun 2017, 26 (5):  565-568.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2017.05.021 Abstract ( 212 )   PDF (2673KB) ( 223 )   PURPOSE: This study aimed to establish the developmental timetable of mandibular permanent teeth in children aged 5-15 years, and analyze the rapid developmental range of each permanent tooth and explore the gender differences in development of permanent teeth. METHODS: Nine hundred and twenty eight children aged 5-15 years were included, the stage of each mandibular permanent teeth was recorded with Demirjian method. The developmental lines and the fitting curves of each tooth were drawn. The age of the important development nodes was summarized, and the slope of the developmental line was recorded. The similarities and differences between male and female were analyzed with SPSS 22.0 software package. RESULTS: Mandibular permanent incisors were found to experience their developmental peak from 6.50 to 7.50 years old, while mandibular permanent premolars' developmental peak were 7.00-8.00 years old. Boys' mandibular first molar reached their peak from 6.50 to 7.50, 8.50 to 9.50 years old, while girls' teeth developed earlier than that of boys, but the developmental rate was similar. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the developmental peak and developmental timetable of mandibular permanent teeth suitable for the domestic population were obtained, which was different from the data of other regions and ethnic groups. Females began their mandibular permanent teeth development earlier than males, but the development curve of each tooth was similar. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinicopathological features of carcinosarcoma in oromaxillofacial head and neck region HE Hai-lei, LIU Zhong-long, MA Chun-yue, LI Xiao-guang, HE Yue 2017, 26 (5):  569-572.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2017.05.022 Abstract ( 371 )   PDF (2917KB) ( 192 )   PURPOSE: To analyze the clinical features, histopathological features, treatment and prognosis of carcinosarcoma in oromaxillofacial head and neck region. METHODS: The clinical and histopathological data of 10 cases with carcinosarama were collected from database of Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital and further analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 10 cases (8 males and 2 females) of carcinosarcoma were collected and analyzed. The age of patients ranged from 20 to 81 years (mean: 44, median:45.5). The tumor size was related to the primary site. The main clinical manifestations indicated rapid increase of foreign body sensation or mass, even feeling of pain. Pathologic examination confirmed the presence of carcinoma and sarcomatoid stroma. Carcinosarcoma had low incidence and was easily misdiagnosed. Diagnosis depended on pathologic examination especially immunohistochemistry. The prognosis was poor, and 5 year survival rate was 50%. CONCLUSIONS: Diagnosis to carcinosarcoma depends on pathological examination after operation. Complete resection + free flap transplantation + postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy are conventional treatment. References | Related Articles | Metrics