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25 August 2018, Volume 27 Issue 4 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Effect of cyclic tensile stress on expression of type Ⅱ collagen and Sox9 in rat cranial base synchondrosis CHENG Ming-jia, CHU Feng-ting, SHEN Gang 2018, 27 (4):  337-341.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2018.04.001 Abstract ( 192 )   PDF (4004KB) ( 239 )   PURPOSE: To establish an in vitro mechanical stimulation model of cranial base synchondrosis chondrocytes, and to study the effect of cyclic tensile stress on the main extracellular matrix of rat cranial base synchondrosis. METHODS: Cyclic tensile stress was imposed to the second passage of cranial base synchondrosis chondrocytes for 3, 6, 12 and 24 hours respectively by using a Flexcell Strain Unit-5000T(10% surface elongation, 1 Hz). After mechanical loading, the total RNA of the cells harvested from six-well BioFlex was extracted. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR was performed to quantify the mRNA levels of type Ⅱ collagen and Sox9. The data were analyzed with SPSS 17.0 software package. RESULTS: Compared with the control group(0 h group), the mRNA expression of type Ⅱ collagen was decreased after 3 hours of loading, but not statistically significant; While the expression of Sox9 decreased significantly (P <0.05). In the 6 h group, the expression of Col-Ⅱ and Sox9 decreased significantly (P<0.01 and 0.05, respectively). The expression of Col-Ⅱ and Sox9 increased in the 12 h group. The 24 h group showed significant increase in both type Ⅱ collagen and Sox9 (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results illustrate that cyclic tensile stress can affect the synthesis of the main extracellular matrix of cranial base synchondrosis in vitro. Expression of type Ⅱ collagen and Sox9 can be inhibited during early stage of mechanical loading. However, when loading time extends, the mechanical stimuli greatly promotes the expression of type Ⅱ collagen and Sox9. The reaction of Sox9 in this in vitro mechanical stimulation model happens earlier than that of type Ⅱ collagen. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of exogenous ATP on NLRP3 inflammasome activation in gingival fibroblasts cells LAI Xin-tian, XIA Yi-ru, XIE Yu-feng, SHU Rong 2018, 27 (4):  342-348.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2018.04.002 Abstract ( 199 )   PDF (4810KB) ( 337 )   PURPOSE: To investigate exogenous ATP-dependent activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and interleukin-1β ( IL-1β) secretion in P.gingivalis infected and heat-killed P.gingivalis induced gingival fibroblasts cells ( hGFs) in vitro. METHODS: Gingival tissues were obtained from healthy patients and hGFs were cultured in vitro with tissue block method to harvest primary cells. HGFs was simulated by being treated with 100 MOI live P.gingivalis or 100 MOI heat-killed P.gingivalis (HP.gingivalis) after 5 mmol/L ATP pre-treatment. Real-time PCR was carried out to assess mRNA expression of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1 and IL-1β. The protein level of NLRP3 , caspase-1 and IL-1β was evaluated by Western blot. IL-1β secretion was measured using ELISA. Statistical analysis was performed using Graphpad prism 6 statistical package and the measurement data were analyzed by t test or one-way ANOVA. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, P.gingivalis downregulated NLRP3 mRNA and ASC mRNA while upregulated IL-1β mRNA. Moreover, the protein expression of NLRP3 and IL-1β was decreased. The gene and protein expression of NLRP3, ASC and IL-1β was induced by HP.gingivalis, while caspase-1mRNA and IL-1βsecretion was free from P.gingivalis or HP.gingivalis stimulus. All those genes as well as intracellular protein expression and IL-1βsecretion were significantly potentiated with ATP/P.gingivalis or ATP/HP.gingivalis stimuli in hGFs. CONCLUSIONS: Exogenous ATP may be a potential stimulus signal in favour of NLRP3 inflammasome activation of hGFs and mediated inflammatory factor IL-1β secretion. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of the filling quality of different root canal obturation techniques using micro-CT XU hai, QIU Xiao-hui, ZHANG Guang-dong, ZHANG Fei-min 2018, 27 (4):  349-353.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2018.04.003 Abstract ( 234 )   PDF (3866KB) ( 193 )   PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of different root canal obturation techniques by micro-CT. METHODS: Forty single-canal upper incisors were collected and decoronated to obtain 12 mm root segments. The root canals were prepared by using ProTaper rotary files and allocated into 4 groups randomly（n=10）, then obturated with gutta-percha and(or) iRoot SP by cold lateral compaction (CLC), continuous wave condensation (CWC), single core (SC), sealer-only buckfill (SoB) techniques, respectively. Each tooth was then scanned with micro-CT, and the percentage of 3D volume and 2D slices of voids and gaps were calculated 1 week later. The data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0 software package. RESULTS: Percentage of cross-sections with voids and gaps in CWC group was significantly less than others (P<0.05) , and it had a significantly greater filling area in 3D volume in whole root canal, middle third and coronal third levels (P<0.05), while SOB group had the largest filling quality in apical third levels (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: No filling technology can avoid voids. CWC technology provides the best filling performance. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of 17β-estradiol or resveratrol dimer on hypoxia inducible factor-1α in genioglossus myoblasts and its mechanism LI Yuan-yuan, HAO Tong, LU Yun, LIU Yue-hua 2018, 27 (4):  354-359.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2018.04.004 Abstract ( 190 )   PDF (4308KB) ( 140 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the role of 17β-estradiol (E2) and resveratrol dimer (RD) on HIF-1α and the underlying mechanism. METHODS: Mice genioglossus myoblasts were isolated and cultured, and the estrogen receptor-α (ERα) shRNA lentivirus was used for gene knockdown. Cells in different groups were treated with different agents (E2, or RD, or E2 and LY294002), then incubated in normoxia or hypoxia for 24 h, the expressions of HIF-1α, ERα, ERβ, total-Akt and phospho-Akt were detected using qRT-PCR and Western blot. Statistical analysis was completed with SPSS 17.0 software package. RESULTS: Both E2 and RD inhibited the overexpression of HIF-1α induced by hypoxia at mRNA and protein levels, and these effects were eliminated by genetic silencing of ERα by RNAi. Mechanically, E2 activated PI3K/Akt pathways to induce HIF-1α expression. CONCLUSIONS: ERα may be responsible for down-regulation of HIF-1α by E2 or RD via activation of downstream PI3K/Akt pathways. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation of the micromorphological differences of the implant-abutment junction LI Xiao-na, NIKOS Mattheos 2018, 27 (4):  360-364.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2018.04.005 Abstract ( 323 )   PDF (4037KB) ( 157 )   PURPOSE: The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the morphological micro-features of 3 commercially available implant-abutment joints, using compatible and original prosthetic components and to explore the correlation between the micromorphology and potential functional complications. METHODS: Three abutments (one original and two compatibles) were torqued on original Straumann RN implants, according to the manufacturer's instructions. The implant-abutment units were sliced in the microtome and photographed under different magnifications through a scanning electron microscope. Calibration measurements were conducted under magnification corresponding to the area under assessment. RESULTS: Major dimensional differences were identified between all studied contact areas of the three units. The tight contact in the implant shoulder was similar in all three units, but engagement of the internal connection and, in particular, the anti-rotation elements were seriously compromised in the compatible abutments. One compatible abutment demonstrated compromised engagement of the abutment screw as well. CONCLUSIONS: Compatible abutments can present critical morphological differences from the original ones. The differences in the cross-sectional geometry result in large differences in the overall contact areas, both in terms of quality and quantity which could have serious implications from the long-term stability of the prosthesis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells co-cultured with dental pulp cells in vitro and its effect on cell biological behaviors LIN Tian, ZHAO Wen-qing, LU Yan-ling, LIU Yu-ying, BAO Li-rong, WU Yu 2018, 27 (4):  365-369.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2018.04.006 Abstract ( 178 )   PDF (3753KB) ( 144 )   PURPOSE: To investigated the effect of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) and human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) on cell biological behaviors by co-culture system in vitro. METHODS: hUCMSCs and hDPCs were obtained by primary culture. A culture system of hUCMSCs and hDPCs induced by BMP2 was established in vitro. hUCMSCs and hDPCs were co-cultured at the ratio of 1:1, 1:5 and 5:1. The optimum ratio of each group was selected to further experiment. The formation of calcium nodule was stained by alizarin red staining at 21 day. The expression of DSPP,ALP,DMP1,OCN,VEGF,HGF and Nanog gene was detected by real-time quantitative PCR at 7 day and 14 day. 1:1 group and hUCMSCs, hDPCs group were selected for alizarin red staining at 21 day according to PCR results. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 21.0 software package. RESULTS: Calcified nodules formation in 1:1 group was significantly higher than in hUCMSCs group (P<0.05), close to that in hDPCs. qPCR showed that the mRNA expression of DSPP, ALP, DMP1, OCN, VEGF and HGF in 1:1 group was significantly higher than that in hUCMSCs (P<0.05); mRNA expression of Nanog in 1:1 group was significantly lower than in hUCMSCs group (P<0.05). The results of alizarin red staining showed that the OD value of 1:1 group was significantly higher than that of hUCMSCs group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The cells can be induced to differentiate into odontoblastoid-like cells and the mRNA expression of angiogenic factors was stimulated by hUCMSCs co-culure wih hDPCs. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Safe zones of the maxillary posterior area for mini-implant insertion in adolescents with skeletal Class II malocclusion LIAO Qian, WANG Yun-ji, ZHANG Wei-yi, ZHOU Di, FAN Xiao-ping 2018, 27 (4):  370-375.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2018.04.007 Abstract ( 290 )   PDF (3907KB) ( 135 )   PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to measure the interradicular spaces between the maxillary second premolar and first molar in adolescents with skeletal Class Ⅱ malocclusion, so as to obtain scientific knowledge for placing mini-implants. METHODS: Forty four cone-beam computed tomography(CBCT) images were selected, which consisted of 23 males and 21 females (average age, 14.07 years) with skeletal Class II malocclusion. CBCT was used to measure the closest interradicular distance and the shortest distance from cortical bone surface to the narrowest interradicular space apically at 1-mm intervals in 9 axial images from the cementoenamel junction(CEJ). SPSS 20.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the closest interradicular distance and the shortest distance from cortical bone surface to the narrowest interradicular space between the left and right side (P>0.05), and no significant difference was found between males and females (P>0.05); The shortest distance from cortical bone surface to the narrowest interradicular space of the left apical area had positive correlation with SNA angle; The closest interradicular distance became wider toward the apical area,and the average distance of the shortest distance from cortical bone surface to the narrowest interradicular space was over 5mm in all sections. CONCLUSIONS: The distribution of interradicular spaces between the maxillary second premolar and first molar of adolescents with skeletal Class II malocclusion is learned using CBCT. These data might provide a reference for placing mini-implants. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of dental and craniofacial characteristics in patients with mild skeletal facial asymmetry SHEN Dan-yang, HU Li-hua, ZUO Si-hui, KANG Qi-chao, YAN Xiu-lin 2018, 27 (4):  376-381.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2018.04.008 Abstract ( 1194 )   PDF (4190KB) ( 372 )   PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the dental and craniofacial morphological characteristics in patients with mild skeletal facial asymmetry, and to investigate the relationship between mild skeletal facial asymmetry and dental anomalies. METHODS: Thirty patients with mild skeletal facial asymmetry (experimental group) and 30 patients with normal faces (control group) were selected. All patients were scanned by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and X-ray machine, Winceph software was used to measure the posteroanterior cephalometric radiographs, NNT software was used to measure the CBCT data. The results were analyzed by Chi-square test, paired t test and independent sample t test using SPSS 19.0 software package. RESULTS: There were significant differences between the left and right sides of faces, teeth and alveolar bone of the first molar in the experimental group. The angle of mandibular dental midline and facial midline, the inclination of the frontal mandibular plane, the inclination of the first molar, the inclination of alveolar bone of the mandibular first molar, the width of alveolar bone of the mandibular first molar showed significant differences between the experimental group and the control group (P<0.05). There are some correlations among menton deviation, inclination of the first molar and alveolar bone of the first molar. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with mild skeletal facial asymmetry showed some specific skeletal and dental characteristics. There could be some correlations between these features. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Impact assessment on enamel remineralization after orthodontic treatment with casein phosphopeptide calcium phosphate complex WANG Yan-hong, LIU Fan, LIU Hao-nan, WANG Qiu-xu, XING Wen-zhong, LI Zhen-chun 2018, 27 (4):  382-385.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2018.04.009 Abstract ( 347 )   PDF (2988KB) ( 268 )   PURPOSE: To compare the effect on enamel demineralization following fluoride rinse or casein phosphopeptide calcium phosphate complex (CPP-ACP) after fixed appliance orthodontic treatment. METHODS: The study population consisted of 21 post-orthodontic patients (13 females, 8 males, 84 affected teeth) with white spot lesions (WSL). They were divided into 3 groups with 28 affected teeth in each group. Participants in the control group were brushed with fluoride toothpaste twice a day. Participants in the fluoride group were instructed to rinse the mouth with 20mL 0.01% sodium fluoride rinse in addition to brushing twice a day. Participants in CPP-ACP group were instructed to use tooth moss after brushing their teeth twice a day for 6 months. SPSS 17.0 software package was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: Within 6 months after orthodontic treatment, white spot lesions areas of the three groups caused by enamel demineralization were all reduced in different degrees, and the differences of success rate were significant among three groups (P<0.05). CPP-ACP group achieved the highest success rate (51%) than the other group, the fluoride group (44%) and the control group (42%). CONCLUSIONS: Brushing teeth, fluoride rinse and CPP-ACP have certain effect on remineralization of demineralized teeth in 6 months after orthodontic treatment. Compared with brushing and fluoride rinse, CPP-ACP can reduce the area of enamel demineralization more effectively. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence on the condyle position by decreasing posterior occlusal plane angle in Class II high angle cases WANG Ming-feng, LI Shuang, LIU Lin 2018, 27 (4):  386-389.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2018.04.010 Abstract ( 258 )   PDF (2536KB) ( 462 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the changes of condyle position by decreasing posterior occlusal plane angle in Class II high angle cases. METHODS: Fifteen Class II high angle patients, aged from 15 to 30, were treated. Before treatment, ANB>5°, FH-MP>32°, molar relationship was Class II bilaterally. The treatment began with aligning and leveling the upper and lower dental arch, then the upper arch was expanded when necessary. Multiloop edgewise arch wire (MEAW) was used to guide the mandible forward and flatten the posterior occlusal plane. Cone-beam CT(CBCT) was taken for each patient before and after treatment. The anterior, superior and posterior spaces of temporomandibular joint(TMJ) were measured respectively, and the posterior occlusal plane angle was also measured. Paired t test was used to evaluate the changes of condyle position and posterior occlusal plane angle, and pearson correlation coefficients was used to determine the correlation between changes of condyle position and posterior occlusal plane angle using SPSS 19 software package. RESULTS: Class II molar relationship of all patients was improved to Class I, and the profile was improved. Posterior and superior space of TMJ increased by 0.88 mm±0.17 mm and 0.45 mm±0.20 mm on average respectively, and both increases were significant. Posterior occlusal plane was flattened, POP-SN and POP-FH decreased by 3.59°±2.31° and 2.31°±3.62°, respectively, and the decreases were significant. Pearson's correlation test showed no significant correlation between changes of condyle position and posterior occlusal plane angle. CONCLUSIONS: In orthodontic treatment of Class II high angle cases, the condyle can be changed to anterior and inferior position by decreasing posterior occlusal plane angle. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Dentists' knowledge and practice of revascularization in Shanghai: a cross-sectional study XIAO Wen, CHEN Xi, WANG Jun 2018, 27 (4):  390-395.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2018.04.011 Abstract ( 240 )   PDF (3771KB) ( 188 )   PURPOSE: To evaluate dentists' knowledge and practice of revascularization in Shanghai. METHODS: Using multistage, cluster and random sampling method, 5 districts from Shanghai urban and suburban areas were randomly selected, covering class-three and class-two hospitals, dental center, private hospitals and clinics, and 3 class-three authoritative dental special hospitals (nonrandom). A questionnaire survey was conducted among the endodontists, pedodontists and general dentists. SAS 9.13 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: A total of 834 dentists were investigated, and 588 valid questionnaires (75.3%) were collected. 401 (68.2%) dentists were familiar with revascularization, 20% of them treated patients with revascularization. The most common source of learning revascularization was continuing dental education (33.3%) and 85.8% dentists showed interest in revascularization. The most important reason for not using revascularization was unfamiliar with the operational procedure (41.5%). CONCLUSIONS: The middle-aged endodontic and pediatric specialists with higher education have better understanding and motion to apply revascularization, and are more interested in continuing dental education. In continuing education courses, lectures of revascularization with practical training should be increased, in order to promote revascularization application in dental practice. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The influence of the age of deep caries on eruption of premolars TIAN Zhi-juan, HUANG Rui, HAN Xiang-yong, XU Xiao-ming 2018, 27 (4):  396-400.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2018.04.012 Abstract ( 211 )   PDF (3121KB) ( 171 )   PURPOSE: To evaluate the influence of the time of deep caries on eruption of premolars. METHODS: Children in kindergarten in 2010 was selected to check caries of deciduous molars, then baseline data of population and personal oral health records were established. After data collection, from 2010 to 2017, according to the age of deep caries in deciduous molars, they were divided into 4 groups: four-year, five-year, six-year and seven-year. SPSS 20.0 software package was applied to analyze the results. RESULTS: Between 2010 and 2017, 994 children were investigated, including 528 boys and 466 girls. A total of 1220 maxillary first deciduous molars, 1307 maxillary second deciduous molars ,1244 mandibular first deciduous molars and 1253 mandibular second deciduous molars were investigated. At the age of 4 to 7, when the maxillary and mandibular deciduous molars suffered from deep caries, the replacement time of the premolars was earlier than cases with no caries. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); When deciduous molar decay occurred in young children, premolars had a tendency to erupt earlier, especially deciduous molars developed deep caries before 5 years, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Prevention and intervention of dental caries in children is very important. Especially for children under 5 years old, caries in children's molars need early treatment, in order to decrease the impact on normal replacement of permanent teeth. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical evaluation of short implants in atrophic posterior region ZHANG Jia, JIANG Huan-huan, SHANG Jiang, XU Sheng, LIU Zhong-hao 2018, 27 (4):  401-406.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2018.04.013 Abstract ( 172 )   PDF (4236KB) ( 207 )   PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical effect of short implants in atrophic posterior region. METHODS: A total of 38 Bicon short implants (≤8 mm) were placed in 30 patients with 3-10 mm of bone height in the posterior region from January to December 2012. The follow-up period was 4 years, radiographic, clinical examination(improved plaque index, improved bleeding index, probing depth)were conducted and patient satisfactions were investigated with Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-I). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS17.0 software package. RESULES: Implant survival rate of short implants was 100% and implant success rate was 94.7%. The mean peri-implant bone resorption value was (0.25±0.65) mm,the change of mesial and distal marginal bone was (-0.23±0.74) mm and (-0.27±0.59) mm, respectively. Crown to implant ratio (C/I)= 1.77±0.34, the implants were divided into 3 groups according to C/I≤1,1<C/I≤2 and C/I>2,there was no significant difference in marginal bone changes and no correlation between C/I and bone resorption. Through clinical examination,improved plaque index was 1.08±0.88,improved bleeding index was 1.11±0.83 and the average probing depth was (3.08±1.19) mm. OHIP-I score was 2.66±0.88, there was significant difference compared with preoperative OHIP-I score. CONCLUSIONS: Short implants are feasible and the success rate is high in the posterior region with insufficient bone height. The soft tissue around the short implants is in good health.While avoiding complex surgical procedures, reducing trauma, shortening the duration of treatment,short implants have a high degree of acceptance and the patient satisfactions are excellent.At the same time, regular preventive maintenance is important to maintain the long-term stability of implant dentures. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of the effect of three nickel-titanium instruments on molar root canal curvature MENG Dan-jie, YAO Li-li, LI Mao 2018, 27 (4):  407-410.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2018.04.014 Abstract ( 219 )   PDF (2917KB) ( 163 )   PURPOSE: To evaluate the influence of ProTaper, Mtwo, and M3 nickel-titanium instruments on root canal curvature during root canal preparation. METHODS: Forty-five molars with root canal therapy were randomly divided into 3 groups. The root canals were prepared by using ProTaper, Mtwo and M3 nickel-titanium instruments. The qualified rate and change of root canal curvature before and after preparation were compared using SPSS22.0 software package. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the three groups in the qualification rate after root canal preparation and the effect of different preparatory devices on root canal curvature(P>0.05), but there was significant difference in the change of root canal curvature before and after preparation (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The three kinds of nickel-titanium instruments can effectively form root canal and have no difference in root canal curvature, but the curvature of root canal is changed after preparation. It is important to prevent complications during curved root canal preparation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical treatment and prognosis of 52 cases of neurinoma in parotid region GAO Ming-hua, YIN Xue-lai, HU Yong-jie, SHENG Mei-chun, WANG Zhong-hua, ZHENG Chong-yang, ZHANG Xin-yu, WU Hai-wei 2018, 27 (4):  411-414.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2018.04.015 Abstract ( 509 )   PDF (3125KB) ( 189 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment, as well as prognosis of neurinoma in parotid region, in order to provide references for clinical treatment. METHODS: Fifty-two cases of neurinoma in parotid region treated between June 2000 to December 2013 were retrospectively investigated, including their clinical characteristics, imaging examination, diagnosis, therapies and prognosis. SPSS13.0 software package was used for Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: Nine cases (17.31%) in all had facial paralysis, discomfort and other neural symptoms before operation. Eleven cases(21.15%) was preoperatively diagnosed. All patients were treated with surgery, pathologically diagnosed and followed up for 42 months to 206 months. No recurrence and malignant transformation were found. Twenty-eight cases (53.85%) had symptoms of facial nerve injury postoperatively, but 18 cases (64.29%) were improved functionally. When there was no obvious correlation between the tumor and facial nerve, no facial nerve paralysis was found. When the tumor was located on the facial nerve, the rate of preserving facial nerve function was 22.22%, the rate of intracapsular enucleation of the neurinoma was 85.71%, and the effective rate of excision followed by facial nerve reconstruction was 85.71%. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis of neurinoma in parotid region is difficult and needed to be confirmed by postoperative pathology. The preservation of facial nerve function should be the utmost procedure during operation while intracapsular enucleation is the first choice. However, in order to restore the function of facial nerve, nerve reconstruction should be performed as soon as possible. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression and significance of YAP and TAZ proteins in oral squamous cell carcinoma TU Min-song, LI Yi-song, ZHANG Xiong 2018, 27 (4):  415-418.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2018.04.016 Abstract ( 698 )   PDF (2484KB) ( 135 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the expression and significance of YAP and TAZ proteins in oral squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS: From February 2014 to March 2017, 113 oral squamous cell carcinoma specimens were selected, and the adjacent tissues (away from carcinoma > 2 cm) were selected as the control. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of YAP and TAZ protein, and its relationship with clinicopathological features were evaluated with SPSS 19.0 software package. RESULTS: The positive rate of YAP and TAZ protein in cancer tissues was 65.49% and 61.95%, respectively, which was significantly higher than that in the adjacent tissues (P<0.05). The positive expression of YAP protein in patients with low differentiation, cervical lymph node metastasis, stage Ⅲ, tumor diameter> 4 cm were 83.64%, 80.33%, 82.35% and 82.61%, significantly higher than that inpatients with high differentiation, without cervical lymph node metastasis, stage I-II, tumor diameter ≤4 cm (P<0.05). The positive expression rate of TAZ protein in patients with low differentiation, stage III, tumor diameter >4 cm was 80%, 85.29% and 82.61%, significantly higher than that in patients with high differentiation, stage I-II, tumor diameter ≤4 cm (P<0.05). The expression of YAP protein was positively correlated with the expression of TAZ protein (rs=0.571, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: YAP and TAZ proteins are strongly expressed in oral squamous cell carcinoma, closely related to the clinical and pathological features such as the degree of differentiation and the diameter of the tumor, suggesting that Hippo signaling pathway may be involved in the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of maximum anchorage extraction on upper airway in adolescent patients with bimaxillary protrusion CHEN Wei, LIU Yue-hua, XU Qi 2018, 27 (4):  419-423.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2018.04.017 Abstract ( 355 )   PDF (3932KB) ( 248 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of maximum anchorage on upper airway in adolescent patients with bimaxillary protrusion and extraction from three-dimensional direction on cone-beam computed tomography(CBCT). METHODS: A retrospective evaluation was carried out on pre- and post-orthodontic treatment records of 50 adolescents with bimaxillary protrusion treated by maximum anchorage extraction. The changes on upper airway pre- and post-treatment were measured. The data were analyzed using SPSS 17.0 software package. RESULTS: It was found that the volume, mean cross-section area, minimum cross-section area of oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal airway were significantly decreased after treatment (P<0.001). The cross-section morphology of oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal airway showed more ellipsoid(P<0.001). Pearson's correlation analysis indicated that the lower incisor retraction and hyoid retraction was correlated with mean cross-section area of hypopharyngeal airway (P<0.05). There was significant correlation in the upper and lower incisor retraction and hyoid retraction(P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The upper airway dimension should be given serious consideration on the decision when closing the space with maximum anchorage in adolescent patients. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Clinical Reports

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Application of double miniscrews for extraction of horizontally impacted wisdom tooth with high risk of injury to inferior alveolar nerve MA Xiao-qing, XIANG Fei, QIN Fei, QIAN Wen-hao 2018, 27 (4):  424-426.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2018.04.018 Abstract ( 386 )   PDF (2263KB) ( 200 )   PURPOSE: To study the clinical effect of double miniscrews for extraction of horizontally impacted wisdom tooth adjacent to the inferior alveolar nerve canal. METHODS: Eight horizontally impacted wisdom teeth requiring extraction because of orthodontic treatment were proven to be adjacent to the inferior alveolar nerve canal by means of cone-beam CT scan. The treatment began with double miniscrews traction under the help of cantilever beam. After 6~9 months, they left the canal and then were extracted. RESULTS: After extraction, no patient developed lip numbness. CONCLUSIONS: Application of double miniscrews traction is an efficient and reliable method for extraction of horizontally impacted wisdom tooth that is adjacent to the inferior alveolar nerve canal. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of diode laser in the treatment of 78 patients with sinus chronic apical abscess GUO Biao, LU Rong-jian, GE Cheng 2018, 27 (4):  427-429.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2018.04.019 Abstract ( 543 )   PDF (2154KB) ( 214 )   PURPOSE: To explore the effect of diode laser in the treatment of sinus chronic apical abscess. METHODS: A total of 78 patients with sinus chronic apical abscess were randomly divided into experimental group and control group, 39 cases in each group. Patients in the control group were treated with conventional root canal preparation and calcium hydroxide sealant. After conventional root canal preparation, the canals in the experimental group were disinfected with diode laser and then calcium hydroxide sealant. SPSS 19.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: Of 39 patients in the experimental group, only 1 sinus was not healed,the total effective rate was 97.44%;Of 39 patients in the control group,9 sinuses were not healed, the total effective rate was 76.92%. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: The results show that the effect of diode laser in the treatment of sinus chronic apical abscess is better, which is worthy of wide application. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Long-term effect of intruded upper molars and dental implant restoration in 24 patients WANG Yan, ZHANG Xue-jian, YIN Chuan-rong, DENG Yue, WANG Wan-chun 2018, 27 (4):  430-432.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2018.04.020 Abstract ( 529 )   PDF (2286KB) ( 245 )   PURPOSE: To evaluate the long-term effectiveness of intruded upper molar with orthodontic mini-screw and the long-term stability of the lower molar restored with dental implant. METHODS: Twenty-four patients with excessive growing upper molar were chosen. The upper molars were intruded by orthodontic mini-screw to increase the bite distance, and then restored with dental implant. The height of molar and the height of bone around the implant were measured on the lateral cephalometric films and panoramic films to analyze the long-term effect of molar intrusion and implantation. The data were analyzed with SPSS18.0 software package. RESULTS: There was significant difference between the length of upper molar before and after intrusion, the upper molars were intruded (2.7±0.3)mm 3.5 months after orthodontic mini-screw; there was no significant difference after 1 year with retainer and implant restoration. The height of bone around the implant decreased 1.2 mm but without significant difference. CONCLUSIONS: With the upper molar intruded by orthodontic mini-screw , more bite space can be obtained to restore lower molar with dental implant, and the long-term effect of upper molar intrusion and lower molar implant are stable. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Dental Nursing

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Practice and effect of one-stop service of dental clinic for old people XIA Ye, ZHU Cao-yun, CHEN Ying 2018, 27 (4):  433-435.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2018.04.021 Abstract ( 353 )   PDF (2191KB) ( 208 )   PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of one-stop service of dental clinic for old people. METHODS: Before and after the implementation of one-stop service in the First Dental Clinic,120 elderly patients were selected as the study subjects. SPSS19.0 software was used to compare the average time and payment time of the two groups of patients, and the patients' satisfaction with the service. RESULTS: After one-stop service, the average clinical time and payment time were significantly decreased, which had statistical significance (P<0.01). The satisfaction degree from one-stop service was improved significantly (from 90% to 98%). CONCLUSIONS: The results indicated that one-stop service, by optimizing the treating process of oral diseases and improving clinical experience of aged patients, might be a more advanced service pattern to meet the demand of oral diseases and improve oral health level of the aged patients. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Dental Education

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Evaluation of using Proplan virtual software in teaching of orthognathic surgery XIE Fu-ping, LIU Huan-huan, CHEN Jia-min, NIU Gang, LIN Li-song, WU Ye 2018, 27 (4):  436-439.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2018.04.022 Abstract ( 245 )   PDF (2801KB) ( 190 )   PURPOSE: Using Proplan virtual software to construct a virtual teaching platform for orthognathic surgery, and to explore an effective teaching model for orthognathic surgery. METHODS: One-hundred grade four students of stomatology in Fujian Medical University were divided into two groups. Traditional orthognathic surgery teaching method and Proplan virtual software teaching method were employed to teach the two groups of students, respectively. Orthognathic-surgery-related paper test was used to evaluate how the two groups of students understand orthognathic surgery; then the students were switched to the other teaching method, respectively. A follow-up questionnaire survey was conducted to further evaluate students' acceptance of the two teaching methods. Finally, a comprehensive statistical analysis was performed for students understanding of orthognathic surgery using SPSS 11.0 software package. RESULTS: According to the test scores, students in the experimental group scored higher than the control group, the difference was significant (P<0.01). The acceptance of different teaching methods displayed remarkable difference between the two groups. Token together, our finding showed that virtual model surgery teaching was an easier teaching method for students to understand and accept. CONCLUSIONS: Proplan virtual software teaching improves the teaching efficiency of orthognathic surgery and deserves further promotion. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the incentive strategy of "double guidance" way and "1+2" mode in the cultivation of master's degree postgraduates—A case study of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University JIANG Yin-hua, ZOU Guang-yi, CHEN Hong-yan, JIN Xiao-ming, LUO Xian-fang, YE Lü-zhi 2018, 27 (4):  440-444.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2018.04.023 Abstract ( 118 )   PDF (3521KB) ( 173 )   With the degree of enrollment of postgraduates in medical specialty expanding year by year, medical colleges have been exposed the deficiencies in the education of professional degree, which is paying more attention to clinic but less to scientific research. Postgraduate students have weak scientific awareness and less enthusiasm. This study forward on reforming the teaching model and incentive strategy based on the questionnaire survey. The purpose was to encourage the professional degree postgraduate students to be involved in scientific research initiative, innovation ability, and improve the quality of postgraduate education. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Case Reports

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McCune-Albright syndrome with hyperthyroidism: report of one case and review of literature CHEN Qi-ming, MENG Jian 2018, 27 (4):  445-448.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2018.04.024 Abstract ( 312 )   PDF (2835KB) ( 230 )   McCune-Albright Syndrome(MAS) is a rare disease characterized by triad of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia of bone(FD), precocious puberty, and café-au-lait skin pigmentation. This paper reported a case of McCune-Albright syndrome with hyperthyroidism, and discussed the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of MAS. References | Related Articles | Metrics